Stock Market Terms in Tai - glossary file 1 - for general knowledge

A

AAABank, refers to banks that are rated highest AAA by IBSA,  = pqc].eASam]tUw]'[sI.sm]:Enpqc].ey;ciun];sUi w];An]sum];(Aa}<pIAqt].S]eA)pn]sn].Kw]w}.Suc]Sut];Sut];nn].(mn];sac]:etmI;pqc].eASgc]tUw]pgc];(eAeA+)'eASgc]tUw](eAeA)'n}lUc];kGL,pqc].pISam]tUw](pIpIpI)sn].kac]yw].'sISam]tUw](sIsIsI)n}.sn].tqm],Sut];lG]sUiw];n}.{

ABC agreement, N. a contract between an employee and a brokerage firm outlining the rights of the firm purchasing an NYSE membership for that employee,       = eKL:l}:sG]eApIsI'[ptivin],hQt];w}.nG];Ek:luk]:lQc].ekL.nuic]:tc];sum]; pg};sL;sum];nuic]:nn].eSEn.nam];w}.lgc]:Sun],l}:An]sum];pg};sL;Kw]sac]:Suiw].pQn]Kw]:sum];(Aqn]<w}a<Aqt].S]AI;)pn]tL,luk]:lQc].ekL.nn].nn].{'

Abstract of Title, a brief history of the tiltle for a piece of land. The abstract of title lists of the legal actions that have been performed or used in conjunction with a piece of property. This is used to determine whether or not there is any kind of claim against a property,           = hUw]hup]:puin];Puin]suiw]:pUic],'[pQn]puin];kqp]:ma}tgc];lgc]:Piun]siuw]:piUc],KUw];Kgc]/lgk];lin]lgk];nui c]:nn]."hUw]hup]:puin];Puin]suiw]:pUic],n}.hQt];w}.Sa}ma}lgc]:Aw]Aey;sgm];pk];pUic]sUiw];l}:Kuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:mL;Am],nn]ekL:sUiw];An]Aw]kgc].sp];kn]w}.tc];KUw];KUc]/lgk];lin]nn].w}."n}.pQn]An]Aw]yip];tuiw];mUiw]:lUw],tqp];tt];wL:sgc],mn];lgc]:tac],ygn];tI:KUw];Kgc]/lgk];lin]nn].w}.eSmQw];mQw];huiw]n}nn].{

Account aggregation,  = SQn]ma}Kgn]:pgc];kn]'[Aw]SQn]Sa}ma}ciun];mI;w}.El:ciun];hgm]el:ciun];hQt];pg};sL;An] kUn];nL:hUin];ey;lQw]kn]mI;w}.tc];SQc]:nn].mL;sukn]tUv];sgc],mn];kgc].ka},kn]w}.Et.huiw]n}nn].{'

Account reconciliation, the reviewing and adjusting of the balance in a personal checkbook to match your bank statement,   = SQn]ma}Kiun];Em;lIkn]'[Tt];Sac]eSEm;cUp].cisrac];ciun];mG];mI;w}.nG];pp].mG]KYqk].Sun],tUw]n n].hG]:cam],kn]tc];eKL:mgk],EnAn]pqc].hQt];Agk],{'

Account, N, narrative; records,       = SQn]:ma}' srac];'

Accounting exposure, the change in the value of a firm’s foreign currency-denominated accounts due to a change in exchange rates,    = pYL.pg},EnSQn]:ma}ciun];'[nG];kL:Kn]sum];kL.Ka}sum];nuic]:mI;w}.SQn]:ma}An]ciun];mUic];ngk]:kum];kg n];Tic];w}.nn].pin],lqk]:la}:kGL,kgp]:pUiw]:Kn]lqk]:ciun];pin],lqk],la}:nn].{'

Accounting insolvency, total liabilities exceed assets. A firm with a negative net worth is insolvent on the books, = SQ n]:ma}kgt];Pan]lgt]:nI:'[hUw]hup]:An]pQn]nI:pQn]Kgt],w}.tc];mUt];n}.nm]lUiw]eSKgc]tL,tqn]:nI:nn]."sum];kL.Ka}An]lgn].Kn]TUik]:mn];pin]:PUn]lUc];w}.n}.pQn]sum];kgt];Pan]lgt]:nI:tI:nG];pp].ma}tgc];kUn];kL.Kw]nn].yw]."{

Accounts payable, money owed to suppliers,           = SQn]:ma}lUw],tqn];'[cuin];Tuk],nI:kUn];Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]{

Accounts receivable, money owed by customers,     = SQn]:ma}lUw],l}:'[cuin];An]kUn];mL;Suiw].Kw]Tuk],nI:w}.{'

Accredited investor,   = ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];mak];ma}Kw]:KGac],'[kUn];ekL.An]epL;np].pL;sgm];ekL.ePL, Pak]:mn];yw].n}.mI;lgn].Kn]TUik]:lUiw]nuic]:lan].etL,lL,(1000000)eStUw]mn];ekL.lQw]kUv];hLl}:ciun];lUiw]Sgc]Sqn]epL;np].pL;ekL.ePL,Pak],mn];suic]l}:lUiw]Sam]Sqn]nn].{'

Accrued benefits,        = nm].tgn];mI;mL;kUv];mn];'[cuin];pqn],SYin],An]luk]:lQc].ekL.nuic]:l}:sgm];nc], pI<mn];hQt];kan]mL;yw].nn].{'

Accrued interest,         = KI:ciun];tUw];lUiw]mL;kUv];mn];'[cuin];kU:lUw],tqn];pUn].wn];tqn];mn];El:An]s w]:nI:etl}:pL;KI:mn];lUiw]Tqc]:nUiw]nUiw].ciun];KI:ciun];tc];nc],kn]tL,lUin]An]l}:pUn].kGL,nn].'{'

Accrued market discount,       = ygm];eSKn]nG];kat],mL;kUv];mn];'[Am],sG]:wL:ygm];ygn].Kn]KI:ciun]; tUw];nG];kat],tUk];lUc];nn].{'

Active management, the use of a human element, such as single manager, co-managers or a team of managers, to actively manage a fund’s portfolio. Active managers rely on analytical research, forecasts, and their own judgment and experience in making investment decisions on what securities to buy, hold and sell. The opposite of active management is called passive management, better known as “indexing”,       = la};kum];kgn];Kw]:hL'[pQn]An]Aw]tUw]kUn]hqc];kUn];hQt];mUin]nc], w}.PU:kgn];ekL.lQw]/PU:kgn];Pak]:kn]Am],nn]ekL:sum];PU:kgn];Kw]eShG]:tUc].tuin],Kw]:hLeSkgn];w}.pUt],fUw];lI<AUw],fn];An]nuic]:nn]."PU:kgn];tUc].tuin],Kw]:hLn}.mn];Aic]nUiw]pa};Tt];Sac]eSKUn].Sgk]:hL'Kat]:lam];w}.nn].el:eKL:Tt];Sin]tqp];tt];sw]:kw],tc];tUw]TUp];sw]:kw],mUiw]:mn];tqp];tt];Puk],Pc]Alac];nn].El:wL:SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]lG]etlISuiw].'lIyip];w}.El:lIKa}n}nn]."la};pin]:PUn]:kn]tc];la};kum];kgn];Kw]:hLnn].hgc].wL:pQn]la};kum];kgn];pG].Kam],n}eSpUin]:hU.w}.wL:pQn]!ciAin];tqk].S]@{'

Active manager,          = PU:kgn];la};Kw]:hL'

After-hour trading session,     = SYqt].SYin]kL.kU;wa};sUw]:mgc];'[n}.pQn]yam];wa};wn];4-6kK'niw];ygk].'{'

Aggregate value,         = kL:Kn]Kgn]:pgc];kn]'

Analyze, to examine carefully; analysis, analyzed, analyzing,            = Tt];Sac]tBv];' Tt];Sac]'

Annual expense fees,              = cuin];sa},kL:srip]:Kgp]:KUp],pI<'

Asked prices, N.,          = Kn]ygn];'[kL:Kn]An]kUn];Ka}KG]:Ka}KUw];Kgc]An]nuic]:eStm];Kn]mn];w}.nn].{

Asset, anything that can be converted into cash or used to pay a debt, assets, = Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:'[KBw];'lin]' cibn];'KUw];sac]:Sgn],pQn]ciun]tL,tqn];nI:{

B

Bailout, N. bail-out,         = sg}:AL,mKam],'[AL,mKam],pn]miBw]:Sa}ca}caw];la};Pbt];epL,{

Bank, N.,                      = pqc].ey;cibn];'pqc].'

Base market value, base value,  = kLKn]puin].Kam],'[Kn]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<nG];lgk];kat],mUiw]:Kaw];Kic],An]nuic]:{'

Base price, a price quoted as a base without including additional charges, = Kn]tqm],'[Kn]Ka}l}:An]tqm],Sut]; Am],Aw]kL;muiw];kL:yap],mn];Sc]nn].'{'

Bear Market, a long-term downtrend market, bears,   = kat],mI'[lgk];kat],mI;Sa}kL:Kn]KUw];tUk];Kaw];yaw];{

Beat the gun,   = mc]ep.kgc]:'(kGam];Slqc];)[ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];Suiw]./Ka}PG];PG];sgm];Kaw],lgc]:tac];lgk];kat],{

Beat the market,          = mc]ep.lgk];kat],'(kGam];Slqc];)

Benchmark Index,      = pqn].KY]mak].Ain];tqk].S]'[ma}Ain];tqk].S]An]tqm],Sut];Sut];{

Benchmark Interest Rate, the minimum interest rate,           = Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];Kn]tqm],Sut];'

Benchmark, N. adj. usually bench mark,       = pqn].KY]mak].'[ma}tUik]:tUik]:Sut];Sut];mn];An]PG]ekL:han].sG]wL:m n];Kqm].yw].n}eShp].Aw]pQn]tI:lIAw]tqk]:Aw]Tt];eStqp];tt];kGL,kUv];p}sG]:An]Kuit];sn].yw].nn].{

Beta, N. a measure of the volatility, or systematic risk of a security. For example, if a stock’s beta is 1.2, it’s theoretically 20% more volatile than the market,   = ep;t'[pQn]tqk]:tUv];SI<Kiw];rI,tI</pUt].fUw];lI,AUw],An]nuic]:lgc]:wL:sgc], mn];mI;Sa}piw]Kiun]:Am],nn]An]l}:sun].sgm];lgk];sgm];la};nn].huiw]n}eShG]:sac]:np].tUv];sgc],etmYat]:tan],muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nn].yU,huiw]n}"tI:tqk]:mn];'epL;wL:ep;tcuin];mgk];Stgk].An]nuic]:n}.pQn]1.2n}suic]wUn].hp].hn]Tuic]l}:wL:mn];mI;Sa}piw]Kiun]:nm]lUiw]eSlgk];kat],mI;w}.nn].20%n}yw]."{

Bid price, the quoted bid or the highest price an investor is willing to pay to buy a security,         = Kn]pit]<'[eKL:EK.hg c].An]Aac]:Aic]l}:Am],nn]ekL:Kn]Suc]Sut];An]ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];ekL.nuic]:KG]:pn]tL,Suiw].mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI,tI<)An]nuic]:nn].'{'Kn]eKL:EK.hgc].'

Bid, N. the price a potential buyer is willing to pay for a security,     = pit]<'[kL:Kn]An]kUn];etSuiw].ekL.nuic]:KG]:pn] tL,mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI,tI<)An]nuic]:nn].'{'eKL:EK.hgc].'

Bid-asked spread, the difference between the bid and asked prices,          = Kn]ygn];Kn]pit]<kGL,kn]'[tac]; nm]An]pUic]:kn]w}.nG];Ek:Kn]pit]<tc];Kn]ygn];nn].{'

Bidding up, moving the bid price higher,      = pit]<Kuin]:'[pn]kL:Kn]pit]<(EK.Suiw].)Suc]lUiw]Tic]:nn].{'

Bond, a bond is a debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to raise money and finance a variety of projects and activities. Owners of bonds are debtholders, or creditors, of the issuer,         = pgn];'[kkkkkkkkkkkkkkk{'

Broker fees,                 = ApI;mn];' kL:pg};sL;'

Broker,                        = pg};sL;'

Brokerage account,     = SQn]:ma}ciun];hQt];pg};sL;'[pQn]SQn]:ma}ciun];An]hQt];w}.nG];pqc].ey;ciun];An]niuc]:{'

Brokerage company, N. broker association; brokerage firm, = sum];pg};sL;'[sum];kUn];ekL.An]mI;pun]:Pgn];pgc] kan]pn]kUn];mL;Suiw].Kw]l}:eSEl:pQn]kUn];wUc]:kac]kUn];Suiw].El:kUn];Ka}nn].eSKuic]pgc]kuit].hap],pn]hG]:pQn]kan]kL.kU;Suiw].Ka}kn]kGL,nnn].{'

Brokerage Supervisor, N. a brokerage company employee who appoints, trains and manages brokers and who sell the company’s products to those brokers, who then sell them to clients,        = PU:lUlgm]kan]pg};sL;Kw]'[pQn]luk]:lQc]./kU n];hQt];kan]nG];sum];pg};sL;ekL.nuic]:ekL.An]Aap]:Aap]:sn].kan]pn]Puik];Sgn]pn]eSkgn];pg};sL;Kw]w}.eSKa}KUw];An]Kgm]<pnI,Kw]hQt];Agk],nn].pn]pg};sL;Kw]eSpg};sL;Kw]Sm].Aw]KUw];sUiw];nn].kGL,Ka}pn]kUn];mL;puic]:Kw]nn].'{'

Broker-dealer, any person, other than a bank, engaged in the business of buying or selling securities on its own behalf or for other; see: dealer,            = pg};sL;ekL.emLKuic]kan]'[pqc]lUiw]eSpqc].ey;ciun];An]nuic]:nn].n}.pQn]kUn];eSekL.ekL.hQt] ;kan]kL.Ka}Suiw].Suiw].Ka}Ka}mG]hUm],lUm]:tc];nm]tL,tUw]mn];Am],nn]tL,pUin]:tac],ekL.nn].{'

Brokered CD, N. a certificate of deposit (CD),           = sItIpg};sL;'[Kqp];mk];ma}An]SGac];SG],w}.(sItI){'

Bull Market, a long-term uptrend market, bulls,        = kat],wUw];'[lgk];kat],mI;Sa}kL:Kn]KUw];Kiun]:{

Business cycle, N.,       = kan]kL.Ka}pn],tUc],Kgp]:'[kan]kL.Ka}Kuin]:Kuin]:lUc];lUc];pin]:kGL,pin]:mL;nG];mUic];nuic]:{'

C

Call Option, -An option contract that gives the holder the right (but not an obligation) to purchase, and obligates the writer to sell, a specific number of shares of underlying stock at the giving strike price, on or before the expiration date of the contract. Opposite of a PUT. , = Agp];SYin];Siuw].KQw]'

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between risk and expected return and that is used in the pricing of risky securities. The general idea behind CAPM is that investors need to be compensated in two ways: time value of money and risk. The time value of money is represented by the risk-free (rf) rate in the formula and compensates the investors for placing money in any investment over a period of time. The other half of the formula represents risk and calculates the amount of compensation the investor needs for taking on additional risk. This is calculated by taking a risk measure (beta) that compares the returns of the asset to the market over a period of time and to the market premium (Rm-rf). The CAPM says that the expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the rate on a risk-free security plus a risk premium. If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return, then the investment should not be undertaken. The security market line plots the results of the CAPM for all different risks (betas). Using the CAPM model and the following assumptions, we can compute the expected return of a stock in this CAPM example: if the risk-free rate is 3%, the beta (risk measure) of the stock is 2 and the expected market return over the period is 10%, the stock is expected to return 17% =3%+2(10%-3%),                       = pUic]lIyUic]:tI:tm];Kn]cuin];tuin];Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:(sIeAPI<Aqm]<)[n}.pQ n]pUic]lIyUic]:An]tqm]:Sp];lqc];Enlgc]:kp];Suiw],Kw]:Agk],nG];Ek:kac]An]ht];sun].El:nm].mYat]:An]muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nn].eSyw].'pQn]An]Aw]yip];tuiw];tL,tm];kL:Kn]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]lUw],l}:ht];sun].nL,nn]."pa};wUn].mI;w}.pL:lc](sIeAPI<Aqm]<)n}.pQn]An]wL:'kUn];Puk],Pc]Alac];Kw]n}.lUw],TUik]:eyL,pn]Kw]nG];la};tac];Sgc]SQn]:n}yw]."nn].sm].pQn]An]'Kaw];yam];ciun].mI:Kn]El:An]l}:sun].nn]."Kaw];yam];ciun];mI:Kn]nn].'pQn]Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:Am],lUw],Kam],sun].(ALAqp].f])ekL.tac],w}.pn]nG];fgm];miw],lL,nn].eSEl:'eyL,pn]Kuin];tI:ekL.Puc]Pc]Alac];pUiw]:An]mn];Aw]ciun];Pc]Alac];w}.nG];sUw]:yam];huic]Kaw];nuic]:nn].yw]."An]pL;nG];fgm];miw],lL,w}.Tqc]:Kuic]:nuic]:nn].sm].'tac]tUw]w}.pn]lgc]:ht];sun].El:la};np].tUv];tac];nm]kL:eyL,pn]mn];etmI;tan],lG]n}'mUiw]:An]ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];lUw],ht];sun].lUiw]Tqc]:nn].yw]."la};np].Sgn],n}.sm].Aw](ep;t)nUic];En'nm].mYat]:An]eyL,pn]tI:Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:nn].nc],mI;nG];lgk];kat],sUw]:yam];huic]Kaw];nuic]:nn].El:tc];nm].mYat]:ht];sun].nn].yw]."(JALAqm]<-JALAqp].f])"(sIeAPI<Aqm]<)n}.lat]:EnwL:'nm].mYt]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:tI;SI<Kiw];tI,tI<Am],nn]pUt],fUw];lIAUw],An]nuic]:n}.'mn];mUin]kn]An]Aw]Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];An]Am],lUw],Kam],sun].nn].pgc];elL;nm].mYat]:ht];sun].nn].n}yw]."Sc]sUiw].wL:nm].mYat]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:n}.Am],KUp];cam],kn]Am],nn]ekL:Am],nm]eSnm].mYat]:An]lUw],l}:l}:nn].epL;n}suic]'Am]kuic]lIhp].hap],ham]pun]:Pgn];tL,Puk],Pc]Alac];nn].(Am],lUw],Pc]Alac];)Sc]yw]."Aw]pUic]lIyUic]:(sIeAPI<Aqm]<)eShw];sac]:np].Sgn],tUv];nm].mYat]:An]etl}:mL;tI:ciun];mUk];Stgk].An]nuic]:sUic].n}yU,"tI;tqk]:mn];Sgn],wL:Kn]KI:cuin];tUw];An]Am],lUw],Kam],sun].n}.pQn]3%'ep;tStgk].nn].pQn]2'eSEl:An]nG];lgk];kat],Enw}.wL:etl}:nm].mYat]:nG];sUw]:yam];huic]Kaw];nuic]:n}.pQn]10'wL:n}tL."epLn}Stgk].An]n}.mI;tac];muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nm].mYat]:17%yw]."[17%=3%+2(10%-3%){{'

Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM), an economic theory that describes the relationship between risk and expected return, and serves as a model for the pricing of risky securities,           = pUic]lIyUic]:la};tm];Kn]ciun];tuin];An]pQ n]Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:'(sIeAPI<Aqm]<)[pQn]tIAUw],rI<pa};mak]:mI;An]tqm]:Sp];lqc];Enlgc]:wL:An]sun].El:An]muc]:yUic];l}:mYat]:nn].mI;tac];kp];Suip],Kw]:Agk],kn]sUic].huiw]w}.n}eSEnw}.pQn]pUic]lIyUic]:tL,tm];kL:mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI,tI<)An]l}:sun].ht];{'

Capital Builder Account (CBA), a Merrill Lynch brokerage account, = SQn]:ma}ekL,Sac]:Alac];'(sIpIe A)[SQn]:ma}cuin];hQt];pg};sL;An]Kgm]<pnI,Em;rIlin].KY]ekL.Puv],w}.pn]nn].{'

Capital Market Line(CML), Defined by capital asset pricing model,    = Tqw]kat],ciun];tuin];'(sIAqm]<E Al])[sk];mk];ma}w}.pn]nG];pUic]lIyUic]:la};tm];Kn]ciun];tuin];An]pQn]Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:nn].{'

Cash Dividends,         = cuin];mqc],tL,pun]:EPpn]kn]'

Cash, cash is legal tender or coins that can be used to exchange goods, debt or services. Sometimes it also includes the value of assets that can be converted into cash immediately, as reported by a company. Cash is also known as money, in physical form. Cash usually includes bank accounts and marketable securities, such as government bonds and banker's acceptances. Although cash typically refers to money in hand, the term can also be used to indicate money in banking accounts, checks or any other form of currency that is easily accessible and can be quickly turned into physical cash.,            = Kqp];cuin];'(Kqt].SY])[kkkk kkkkkkkkkkk{'

Centrally Planned Economy, an economic system in which economic decisions are made by the state or government rather than by the interaction between consumers and businesses. Unlike a market economy in which production decisions are made by private citizens and businesses owners, a centrally planned economy seeks to control what is produced and how resources are distributed and used. The production of goods and services is undertaken by state-owned enterprises, = pa}; mak]:mI;luk].tI:cw]:suic]:wac];Pqn]'[n}.pQn]lgk];la};pa};mak]:mI;An]luk].tI:mUic];Am],nn]lUc]pgc]suic]:n}.ekL.hQt];Agk],eKL:tqp];tt];tL,pa};mak]:mI;nn].'PUiw],tL.wL:etKw]:tin]Kw]:muiw];kn]tc];kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];Kw]El:sw]:Kgc]kan]kL.Ka}Kw]eStqp];tt];nn]."mn];Am],mUin]pa};mak]:mI;pac]kat],An]eKL:tqp];tt];tL,hQt];KUw];Kgc]Agk],n}.pQn]pUk].klitUw]kUn];suic]:mUic];Kw]El:sw]:Kgc]sum];kL.Ka}Kw]ekL.tqp];tt];hQt];nn].'pa};mak]:mI;luk].tI:cw];suic]:wac];Pqn]n}.sgm];mgc];Sgk]:hLtI:tL,kum];kgn];ethQt];Agk],KUw];Sc]nn].eSEl:ethQt];huiw]puin]EP:El:yip];sG].tuiw];cUin]:tuin];Alac];tc];la}Kw]n}nn].yw]."lgc]:hQt];Agk],kun],Sin]El:kan]hap].sG].sg}:tc];la}n}.pQn]sum];kan]kL.Ka}An]suic]:mUic];pUic],nn].ekL.hp].hap],ham]pun]:Pgn];mn];yw]."{'

Characteristic line,      = Tqw]Sc],Tuk],Kuik].tgn];'

Chart, N.,         = lgk];Kqp];KYt].'[Puin]es:tqm]:la};krqp].eSEnpn]Sak]:eS,kQw],Kaw],lgc]:tac];pQn]w}.mI;w}.{

Checkbook, a book of checks,       = pp].mG]KYqk].'[mG]KYqk].hQt];pQn]pp].tqm]:SG],suiw]:mG];w}.An]luk].tI:pqc].mG];pn]mL;e SEl:mG];sac]:Aw]sa},kL:KUw];l}:nn].{

Class A Shares, Class A shares are a classification of common stock that may be accompanied by more or fewer voting rights than Class B shares. Although Class A shares are often thought to carry more voting rights than Class B shares, this is not always the case. Companies will often try to disguise the disadvantages associated with owning shares with fewer voting rights by naming those shares "Class A," and those with more voting rights "Class B.",       = ESYyL<!k@'[pQn]An]sqk], sn].ESYyL<ciun];mUk];Stgk].Kgm];mgn];nn].w}.eSEl:sac]:etkuik];pL;sgm];An]wL:mI;Sun]tgt]:Kqp];Em;nm]Am],nn]ekL:eA,eSESYyL<!K@n}nn]."kUv];Am],pQn]sUic].n}tL,eS,nc],kaw],"{'

Class B Shares, Class B shares are a classification of common stock that may be accompanied by more or fewer voting rights than Class A shares. Although Class A shares are often thought to carry more voting rights than Class B shares, this is not always the case. Companies will often try to disguise the disadvantages associated with owning shares with fewer voting rights by naming those shares "Class A," and those with more voting rights "Class B.",       = ESYyL<!K@'[pQn]An]sqk], sn].ESYyL<ciun];mUk];Stgk].Kgm];mgn];nn].w}.eSEl:sac]:etkuik];pL;sgm];An]wL:mI;Sun]tgt]:Kqp];Em;nm]Am],nn]ekL:eA,eSESYyL<!K@n}nn]."kUv];Am],pQn]sUic].n}tL,eS,nc],kaw],"{

Commission charges, commission of a broker,           = kL:pg};sL;' ApI;mn];'

Company, N., companies,        = Kgm],pnI,' Kgm]<pnI,'

Compensation, N. something received or given as an equivalent for services, indemnity, = kL:TiBk]:eyL,pn]'

Consumer Price Index (CPI), = lm];nG];Kn]kun],tL,kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];'[pQn]An]K}:sgm];lgc]:KUw];hQ t];Agk]la}sUiw].la}mQw];Kw]eSEnpn]sn].Kn]TUik]:tan],Kw]nn].El:tc];Enpn]An]lam];w}.wL:ciun];Ain]fel;SYin];etpQn]mgk]:lG]n}nn].{'

Consumer-centric,       = w}.kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];pQn]cw]:cun];mn];'

Covered Call,              = Siuw].KQw]hUm],hUm],tUm];tUm];'[Am],ep:lUw]l};sun].ht];{

Covered Put,               = Ka}KQw]hUm],hUm],tUm];tUm];'

D

Day trade, also known as “daylight trade.”,    = kL.sgm];wn];'[Suiw].eSKa}SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:nG];wn];lQw]{'

Dealer, N., dealers,       = ekL.emLKuic]kan]'

Debt, N. something that is owed, debts,        = nI:'mI;nI:'nI:ApYt]:'[An]Tuk],nI:w}.eSmQw];mQw];nn].{

Delta, N. the ratio comparing the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivate; also called “hedge ratio”. For example, with respect to call options, a delta of 0.7 means that for every $1the underlying stock increase, the call option will increase by $0.70.,  = Et,l]tL<'[pQn]erL;SYOw];An]Aw]nUic];lgc]:Kn]mn];pi n],lqk]:l}:nG];Ek:Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:An]mUk];lp].w}.El:Kn]An]kQp];Aw]mL;nn].mn];Kw]:Agk],hLkn]sUic].huiw]n}'!hqk].erL;SYOw];'@n}ekL:wL:yw]."tI:tqk]:mn];'lat]:lUv]:Agp];SYin];Suiw].KQw]nn].n}suic]'epL;wL:mI;Et,l]tL<0.7n}KG]:pgc],wL:mUiw]:Kn]cuin];mUk].Stgk].An]lp].w}.nn].Kuin]:1etL,lL,(nuic]:pYL;)n}.Kn]Agk];SYin];Suiw].KQw]nn].etKuin]:0.70etL,lL,(sQt];Sip];pqk].)nn]."{'

Derivative, adj. N. not original; differential quotient,      = kQp];Aw]mL;tI:'[Am],sG]:cw]:puic];mn];'An]KUw]<SYin].T]m n];pqk],pUic]:kn]{

Direct Stock Purchase Plans (DSPPs),= wac]:Pqn]Suiw].Stgk].km];Suiw]:'(tIAqt].S]PI<PI<)[An]p n]kUn];ekL.etL,ekL.kGL,Suiw].tI:Kgm]<pnI,nn].El:ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];Suiw].Stgk].n}.Am],l}:SQc]:kL:pg};sL;(ekL,mSYin],mn];){'

Discounted Cash Flow, (DCF) is a popular method used in feasibility studies, corporate acquisitions and stock market valuation. This method is based on the theory that an asset's value is equal to all future cash flows derived from that asset. These cash flows must be discounted to the present value at a discount rate representing the cost of capital, such as the interest rate,= tIsIAqp].f]'[la};np].Sgn],cuin];l}Kw]:yG];yG];nG];kan]kL.Ka}cuin];mUk];Stgk].{

Discretion, N.: It is entirely within my discretion whether I will go or stay, at discretion,      = nc],sG]mI;' nc], mn];sG]mI;' mI;tI:sG]kw]' hQt];nc],sG]mI;' (kw]etkGL,hiuw]yU,n}nn].mn];mI;tI:sG]kw]lum];lum];kUv];)'

Distribution, N.,           = puin]EP:'mqc],yuin]:pn]'(tac];-/lgc]:-/An]-)'

Diversification, a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio,  = s k];w}.la}kip],'[n}.pQn]la};kum];kgn];tac];ht];sun].tI:An]Puk],Pc]Alac];la}sUiw].la}An]w}.nm]nm]nG];pUt],fUw];lIAUw],An]nuic]:'(mUin]nc],epL;Puk],Pc]Alac];w}.ngk]:mUic];Pgc]:n}pqk].Sm].wL:pa};mak]:mI;nG];mUic];tUk];ekL:mn];etAm],kGL,tum].tUiw].pa};mak]:mI;ngk]:mUic];mUic];nn].El:ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];n}.l}:mI;la};Eh.kc]pn]yL,hG]:l}:Sum];nm]nn].yw].){

Diversity, N.,    = Tqk],w}.la}Pa},'sk];w}.l}akip],'Tqk],sk];w}.la}An]'(lgc]:-/An]-)'

Dividend Payment Date,        = wn];mqc],pun]:EPpn]kn]'

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP), a plan offered by a corporation that allows investors to reinvest their cash dividends by purchasing additional shares or fractional shares on the dividend payment date,     = wac];Pqn]Aw]pun] :EPpn]kn]Pc]Alac];'(tIJALAa}<PI<)[pQn]wac];PQn]An]ekL<pUw]er;SYin];An]nuic]:ka},kGam];hLyuin]:pn]wL:etpn]AKGac].ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];Kw]Aw]ciun];mqc],tL,pun]:EPpn]kn]nn].eSSuiw].ESYyL<Am],nn]ekL:tL,pun]:nuic]:pgt];nuic]:ESYyL<nn].lUiw]Tqc]:'mUiw]:wn];mqc],pun]:EPpn]kn]nn].'n}yw]."{'

Dividend stocks,         = Stgk].pL;pun]:EPpn]kn]'(cuin];mUk];Stgk].pL;pun]:EPpn]kn])

Dividend, N.: Dividend stocks, allotment, = pun]:EPpn]kn]'(cuin];mUk];Stgk].pL;pun]:EPpn]kn])

Do your homework,    = hQt];kan]luim].El:'[lQp]:hQn];lIlIhG]:hU.nm]nm]yw].hG]:epL;sac]:pgc]kan]Agc],mqc],{'

Do-It-Yourself (DIY),                        = hQt];Aw]hc];kUv];'(tIwa}<Aa}<)[ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];kum];kan]kUv];{

E

Early distribution, early withdrawal, premature distribution,        = puin]EPmqc],sw].'[Tuk]:ciun];sw].{'

Early state,      = mUiw]:sc],Et,sw].sw].'[sUw]:mUiw]:Et,hQt];Kgm]pnI,yw].eSp},mI;ciun];Kw]:nn].{'

Earned income,           = cuin];Kw]:hQt];hLl}:'[pQn]ciun];l}:mL;tI:hQt];kan]hQt];can];cuin];kL:hqc];cuin];hUw]lUin] cuin];Tip].El:kL:TUik]:eyL,pn]nn].{'

Earnings before taxes (EBT),  = cuin];hLl}:Agn]tac];p},SGac];Kgn],'(AI;pITI)'

Earnings Estimate,      = lam];tUv];w}.cuin];hLl}:'[An]Tt];Sac]tUv];cw];la};wn];mUiw];nL:Kgm]<pnI,An] nuic]:hG]:epL;lam];l}:kL:Kn]ESYyL<Kw]An]kuic],tan],Suiw].tan],Ka}nn].{'

Earnings momentum,  = cuin];hLl}:sgm];sUw]:kqp].'[Kn]pun]:ESYyL<EP:tUin];mL;sUw]:yam];nG];Ek:An] la};can];pgc],Kaw],pn]yw].eShan].etL,p},Tuic]la};can];Tqc]:km];nuic]:nn].{'

Earnings per share (EPS),       = cuin];hLl}:sgm];pun]:ESYyL<'(AI;pIAqt].S])'

Earn-out,         = cuin];hLl}:sgm];sUw]:kqp].'[Kn]pun]:ESYyL<EP:tUin];mL;sUw]:yam];nG];Ek:An]la};can];pgc], Kaw],pn]yw].eShan].etL,p},Tuic]la};can];Tqc]:km];nuic]:nn].{'

Eating stock, when an underwriter can’t find buyers for a stock and therefore has to buy them for his own account,   = ki n]Kuin];cuin];mUk];Stgk].'[mUiw]:ekL.tqm]:Kgt],mt].w}.nn].Am],sac]hLkUn];Suiw].ciun];mUk];Stgk].nn].El:mn];l}:Suiw].sUiw];nn].SG],nG];SQn]:Sa}ma}sw]:kw],mn];w}.nn].{'

Economic Cycle Research Institute Index, an independent research institute that studies business cycles and produces a widely-followed index of leading indicators,     = Ain];tqk].S]sum];KUn].KGL.Sgk],hLtUc],pa};mak]:mI ;'[sum];hUc];hQn];KUn].Sgk]:hLAn]Am],Aic]puic]:PG]eSlQp]:hQn];lgc]:kan]kL.Ka}pn],tUc],Kgp]:nn].eShQt];Agk],Ain];tqk].S]An]mI;kUn];sgm];kGac]:kGac]:KGac]KGac]nn].eSpQn]An]mqp]:EnAgn],kGL,'{'

Economic growth, an increase in the nation’s capacity to produce goods and services; refers to real GDP growth,   = lgc]:Kiun]:yG],pa};mak]:mI;'[An]nm].kt].pQn]l}:mUic];mUic];nuic]:Kiun].Sc].yG],EP:nm]kuin];mL;tI:tL,hQt];Agk],kun],Sin]El:tI:tL,hp].sG].sg}:nn].eSpQn]sI.sm]Entac];Kuin]:yG],kYItIPI<Et.Et.nn].{'

Economic indicators, the key statistics of the economy that reveal the direction the economy is heading in; e.g. the unemployment rate and the inflation rate,        = mqp]:EnSa}ca}pa};mak]:mI;'[nQn]kak],eSL;SQn]:Sa}ma}pa};mak]:mI; An]Kiun];puit],Enpn]tac];yUic];kGL,An]pa};mak]:mI;wa},hUw]mn];sU;nn].'tI:tqk]:mn];mUin]nc],lgc]:Am],mI;kan]hQt];el:lgc]:Kn]ciun];Ain]fel;SYin];{'

Economic models,       = pUic]lIyUic]:nG];pa};mak]:mI;'

Economic rents, profits in excess of the competitive level,         = Aqk],KenL;mik].rqn].S]'[nm].mYat]:An]l}: lUn].lUiw]nm]eSKk].sn].TUik]:EK.kn]Aw]nn].{'

Economic risk, = ht];sun].tL,tL,mak]:mI;'[sun].hQt];KUc];kan]An]nuic]:eSEl:l}:mI;nI:w}.{'

Economic shock, events that impact the economy which originate from outside it,     = pa};mak]:mI;Szk].'[An]Am], Tac],Am],lam];tk].w}.TL:l}:An]pQn]mL;Pa}ngk]:kan]pa};mak]:mI;nn].mL;tum].tUiw].pa};mak]:mI;'tI:tqk]:'An]PUn]lUm];lqc].lUc]pt].nn].luyG],kg}nm]nn].{'

Economic stimulus,     = yUc];yuk].pa};mak]:mI;yG],Kiun]:'[lUv]:epL,lSI<kQw],Pa},cuin];tgc];lUc]pgc]suic]:{

Economic Value Added (EVA),        = AI;wI<eA'[kL:Kn]pa};mak]:mI;Tqm]elL;(nm].mYat]:Et.Et.){'

Economies of scale,    = Sek;l]pa};mak]:mI;'[epL;Kam],sG].sa},ciun];nm]ekL:KUw];hQt];Agk],etnm]eSkL:sri p]:mn];Tuk],'(mUin]nc],wL:mUiw]:ethQt];Agk],pp].nn].epL;Kam],SQc]:kL:mn];5000pYL;etl}:500pp].eSepL;Kam],SQc]:10000pYL;etl}:2500pp].nn].tL,500pp].n}.nuic]:pp].ettUk];10pYL;eSepL;ethQt];2500pp].n}suic]nuic]:pp].ettUk];4pYL;kUv];nn].'){'

Economies of scope,   = tUc],wUc];pa};mak]:mI;'[epL;An]Puk],Pc]Alac];An]nuic]:n}.sac]:km].sg}:l}:mI;nm]. mYat]:nm]la}epL;hQt];sgm];kn]n}.Sm].Am],epL;kL:tan],An]EPkn]hQt];An]lG]An]nn].n}l};wL:mI;w}.tUc],wUic];pa};mak]:mI;yw].{'

Effective date,                        = wn];TiEt,yip];tiuw];hQt];kGL,l}:'

Effective Duration,     = tac];huic]sG].tuiw];hQt];kGL,l}:'[lat]:lUv]:An]np].Aan],w}.tL,lik]:pgn];{'

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), the (EMH) is an investment theory that states it is impossible to “beat the market” because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information. According to EMH, stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection or market timing, and the only way an investor can possibly obtain higher returns is by purchasing riskier investments. Although it is a cornerstone of modern financial theory, the EMH is highly controversial and often disputed., = eKL:hn]ha},pUw];tSit].mqn]:ym]tL,lgk];kat],'(AI;Aqm]<AQk].KY])[n}.pQn]pa};wUn].hp].hn]Tuic]tL,Puk], Pc]Alac];An]mgk],Enw}.wL:'tL,et!mc]ep.lgk];kat],@n}.mn];Am],pQn]l}:kgp]:pUiw]:wL:lgc]:mqn]:ym]Tuic]tI:Tuic]tac];lgk];kat],kL.Ka}ciun];mUk];Stgk].n}.'hQt];hG]:kL:Kn]ESYyL<An],mI;w}.n}.Kgt],Pgt]:hUm]:kn]w}.tL,eSeSEl:hUiw]:Tgc],Kuin];w}.Kaw],lgc]:tac];An]kp];ka}kn]tc];SQc]:nn].yw]."sgm];nc],AI;Aqm]<AQk].KY]wL:w}.n}.'ciun];mUk];Stgk].Kw]n}.l}:Aw]kL.kU;sgm];Kn]man],Kw]mI;nG];Stgk].AQk].KYQc];nn].hQt];nn]tL,eS,El:'mL;hQt];hG]:mn];Am],pQn]l}:tL,kUn];Puk],Pc]Alac];Kw]Suiw].Stgk].Kn]tqm],Am],nn]ekL:Ka}Stgk].Sgn],Aw]sgm];kL:Kn]nm].cuin];lUc];(Aw]kL:mn];kL:lUiw])nn].lG]n}Sc]yw]."nG];An]pQn]yU,sUic].nn]n}.'mn];Tuk],lIAm],pQn]l}:tI:wL:tL,ethQt];EK.lgk];kat],tc];mUt];sgm];lUv]:la};Aw]PU:lUc].lqn],Kw]lUik]:Suiw].Stgk].'Am],nn]ekL:'Suiw].sgm];yam];Kin];lgk];kat],nn].nc],wL:yw].'El:Aik],la};An]mI;la};lQw]tL,hG]:ekL.Puk]:Pc]Alac];ekL.nuic]:epL;sac]:etl}:nm].mYat]:nm]nm]n}.sm].'pQn]la};An]hLSuiw].Puk],Pc]Alac];mQw];l}:sun].ht];sun].nm]lUiw]nn].kUv];yw]."pqk].wL:mn];pQn]mak],hin]hUw]sQc],tUik]:tI,AUw]<rI<Kuit];kap]:pan]mG],Pa},ciun];tgc];nn].An]nuic]:n}ekL:yL,'AI;Aqm]<AQk].KY]n}.yc];mI;lgc]:An]TQc]Tgc]kn]nm]nLeSEl:k}.k}.l}:TQc]kn]nL,nL,yw]."{'

Eggs in one basket,:It is best that you not be exposed to only one type of asset. For instance, don’t put all of your money in small biotech companies. It is better to be diversified sectors such as food, real estate, consumer goods, commodities, insurance, etc., rather than focusing on one or two or three. Consider diversifying across classes, as well, by keeping some money in bonds and cash, rather than being 100% invested in stocks,            = K}mI;nG];Sgc];lQw]'(mn];lITiSut];yw].epL;wL:mG];Am],pg}, pac],RpL.w}.tI:Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:mQw];lQw]kUv];nn]."pUic]nUic];mn];sm].'yL,Aw]cuin];mG];tc];SQc]:kGL,SG],sgm];pa}eAL;Tqk].Kgm]<pnI,lQk].Agn],nn].tc];mUt];hQt];nn]"mn];lIsk];w}.la}kip],nG];la}pgt];la}tgn]:tc];nm]yw].'mUin]nc],'Kgm]<pnIKw]:nm].tac];kin]'lin]hUin];ey;'kun],Sin]tL,kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];'Kgc]kL.kU;kn]'Kgm]<pnI,Pa},AL,mKam],'sL.kGL,sUiw];n}.yw].'PUiw],tL.etkGL,yUic];pk];sp];w}.nUiw]An]nuic]:/Sgc]An]Am],nn]Sam]An]kUv];nn]."wUn].K};sG]tUv];la};sk];w}.la}kip],pQn]sn].pQn]Tan]:mn];nn].pL;nc],kaw],El:'ciun];km]:Pgc]:n}.Aw]SG],w}.nG];pgn];El:Kqp];ciun];Kw]sUiw];n}.Pgc]:'PUiw],tL.etkGL,Puk],Pc]Alac];w}.nG];cuin];mUk];Stgk].100%tQm]tQm]nn].")'

Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)    = lgk];la};pUic]Kn]lqk]:ciun];(AI;JALAqm]<)'

Exchange rate, N. the ratio at which a unit of the currency of one country can be exchanged for that of another country; rate of exchange, = Kn]lqk]:ciun];'[An]PL,Kuic]:kuic],kn]w}.tL,hG]:nuic]:yU,nit].cuin];mUic];nuic]:sac]:lqk]:kU;kn]tc]; nuic]:yU,nit].ciun];mUic];tac],mUic];l}:nn].{

Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)            = AI;TIAqp].f]fn];'(AI;TIAqp].f])'

Exchange, N.:  monetary exchange, = AQk].KYQc];'lqk]:kB;kn]'(An]-)'(lqk]:kU;kn]tc];ciun];es:)

Expected return,         = nm].mYat]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:'

F

Fabulous, adj. incredible: fabulous return, fabulously, adv.,     = tgn];nL,nL,'[lItgn];nL,nL,{'(l}:Kuin];mL;tg n];nL,nL,)

Face value, par value; maturity value; apparent value,     = kL:Kn]fQt].S]'[Kn]tm];w}.nUiw]Stgk]./pgn];sL.kGL,sUi w];n}.El:wL:etpn]mUiw]:wn];TUn]:Tuic]mn];nn].(kL:Kn]pL,)'{'

Fair value,                   = Kn]man],'

Financial distress, a condition where a company cannot meet or has difficulty paying off its financial obligations to its creditors; such as violation of loan contracts,     = mI;tac];m}:ciun];tgc];'[cw];la};An]Kgm]<pnI,sum];nuic]:Am],sac]: TUp];etL,Am],nn]ekLmI;tac];yap],Puit],tL,ethQt];sgm];pun]:Pgn];Pa},ciun];tgc];pn]tI:sw]:nI:Kw]nn].'mUin],nc],An]pUn].pqn]:ptivin],kU:ciun];sUiw];nn].{'

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority - FINRA, is a regulatory body created after the merger of the National Association of Securities Dealers and the New York Stock Exchange's regulation committee. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority is responsible for governing business between brokers, dealers and the investing public. By consolidating these two regulators, FINRA aims to eliminate regulatory overlap and cost inefficiencies. ,          = Kun]kQw],Pa},pUic]mI:hUc];kan] ciun];tgc];'(Aqp].f]Aa}<Aqn]<JAL<eA)[pQn]tUw]Kic];kQw],Pa},pUic]mI:An]Pan],SGac];hQt];pQn]mL;wa};eSsum];sUit].sat]:ekL.emLKuic]kan]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<(Aqn]<eAAqt].S]tI)tc];ekL,mtI,Pa},pUic]mI:niw];ygk].Stgk].AQk].KYQc];'KLSgc]sum];Kgn]:pgc];kn]yw].nn]."Kun]kQw],Pa},pUic]mI:hUc];kan]ciun];tgc];n}.mI;pun]:Pgn];tL,Aup].pUic]Pgc];cm];lgc]:kan]kL.Ka}nG];Ek:pg};sL;Kw]'ekL.emKuic]Kan]Kw]'El:An]Puk],Pc]Alac];nG];kUn];mUic];tc];la}Kw]nn]."lUv]:An]Aw]Kun]hQt];pUic]mI:Sgc]sum];n}.hup]:suKgn]:kn]w}.nn].eS'(Aqp].f]Aa}<Aqn]<JAL<eA)n}.AQn];Aan];tL,PQw]:pqt]:pUic]mI:An]Sgn].kn]Tap]:kn]nn].El:An]ciun];SQc]:eSAm],Tuic]tI:Tuic]tac];Sc]nn]."{'

Financial industry,      = hUc];kan]Pa},ciun];tgc];'

Financial instrument,   = KUic]:yip];tuiw];nc],ciun];tgc];'[cuin];mUk];Stgk].'Piw];KYOiw];'ciun];mUic];'Ain];tqk].S]{'

Financial, adj.,              = Pa},ciun];tgc];'

Fiscal Policy,               = epL,lSI<kQw],Pa},ciun];tgc];'[la};kQp];Kgn],El:pa};sG].sa},lUc]pgc]siuc]:'{

Fractional shares,        = tL,pun]:nuic]:pgt];nuic]:ESYyL<'

Futures, a futures contract is obligated to fulfill the terms of his/her contract,   = Piw];KYOiw];S]'[ptivin],Piw];KYOiw];S] n}.pQn]An]mI;pun]:Pgn];tL,PUim].Tqm]hQt];yw].tUw]:sgm];ptivin],An],mn];hQt];w}.nn].{'

Futures, A term used to designate any contract covering the sale of financial instruments or physical commodities for future delivery on a futures exchange.,           = fiw];KYOiw];S]'[pQn]eKL:kGam];hgc].tL,Aw]yip];sG].tuiw];kQw],lgc]:ptivin],Ka}KUi c]:KUw];Pa},ciun];tgc];Am],nn]ekL:'Kgc]kL.kU;An]mI;nm].mI;tUw]nn].eSpQn]An]wL:wn];mUiw];nL:mL;sc],SUc],yuin]:pn]nG];AQk].KYQc];fiw];KYOiw];S]nn].n}yw]."{

G

Graph, N., graphic, adj.,             = krqp].'[lgk];Tw];Tqw]/sqk],Enlgc]:Kiun]:/nm]tc];lUc];/eA,nn].{'

Graphic depiction,      = Tqw]krqp].'[Tqw]ygm].Tt];Kiun]:lUc];ygn],yan];kUc],mgc].tqm]:Enhac]:krqp].w}.nn].{

H

Historical Volatility - HV, the realized volatility of a financial instrument over a given time period. Generally, this measure is calculated by determining the average deviation from the average price of a financial instrument in the given time period. Standard deviation is the most common but not the only way to calculate historical volatility,   = puin];mI;Sa} piw]Kiun]:'(AQk].KY]wI<)[An]tn];hU.mqn]:sgm];lgc]:wL:KUic]:yip];tuiw];Pac],cuin];tgc];An]nuic]:n}.nG];sUw]:yam];An]pn]w}.Kaw];nuic]:nn].mn];mI;Sa}piw]Kiun]:sUic].huiw]n}nn]."{

I

In and Out, a trading strategy in which shares of single security are bought and sold over a short period of time, or on the same day,       = Kw]:El:Agk],'[pa};tuik];Pa},kL.kU;pun]:ESYyL<nG];SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:nn].Suiw].eSKa}nG]; sUw]:yam];pgt];pt];Am],nn]nG];wn];lQw]kn]{'

Incur, to incur a huge number of debt, incurred, incurring,     = mat],nI:'

Index, N. a number derived from a formula used to characterize a set data, indices,= Ain];tqk].S]'piUc]np].pQn]' Index,(Economics) to adjust (wages, taxes, etc.) automatically according to changes, indexed, indexing,     = ciAi n];tqk].S]'[Em;cUp].cilgc]:ciun];kL:hqc];ciun];Kgn],sL.kGL,tL,hG]:mqn]:eAL,etL,kGL,sgm];lgc]:lqk]:la}:nn].{

Inflated prices,                        = kL:Kn]nm].cuin];lUc];[Aw]kL:mn];kL:lUiw]{'

Inflation, N.,    = cuin];Ain]fel;SYin];'[kL:Kn]cuin];mUic];miUc];niuc]:n}.Kn]ygm];eSAn]kuic],mI;nn].kGL,'{

Inherent risk,   = Tqw]Sc],Tuk],Kuik].tgn];'

Initial Public Offering (IPO), the first sale of stock by a private company to the public,      = hqk]:ka},kGam];hLyui n]:pn]kUn];mUic];(Aa}<PI<AUw]<)'[n}.pQn]An]Kgm]<pnI,pUk].klikAn]nuic]:Ka}ciun];mUk];Stgk].pn]kUn];mUic];tc];la}Kw]km];Agn]tac];Sut];Sut];nn]."{

Intrinsic Value, The intrinsic value is the actual value of a company or an asset based on an underlying perception of its true value including all aspects of the business, in terms of both tangible and intangible factors. This value may or may not be the same as the current market value. Value investors use a variety of analytical techniques in order to estimate the intrinsic value of securities in hopes of finding investments where the true value of the investment exceeds its current market value.2. For call options, this is the difference between the underlying stock's price and the strike price. For put options, it is the difference between the strike price and the underlying stock's price. In the case of both puts and calls, if the respective difference value is negative, the intrinsic value is given as zero,          = kL:Kn]tuin];mI;w}.'[pQn]KL:Kn]Et.Et.tL,Kgm]<pnI,An]nuic]:" kQ]w],lUv]:mUiw]:An]Suiw].KQw]El:Ka}KQw]nn].'Sc]wL:kL:Kn]An]kGL,kn]w}.nG];Ek:mn];n}.pQn]Pa},pin]:PUn](nuk]:)w}.epL;n}suic]'kL:Kn]tuin];mI;w}.mn];n}.etpn]w}.wL:pQn]Sun]"{

Investing strategies,    = pa};tuik];tL,Puk],Pc]Alac];'

Investment vehicles,   = KUic]:SUc],Agn]Puk],Pc]Alac];'

J

K

L

Large-cap, - designating a company, or a mutual fund that invests in companies, with a market capitalization of $5 billion or more. ,         = Arac];lUc]'

Liability, N. liableness, liabilities, = nI:Kgt],' An]pQn]nI:pQn]Kgt],'

M

Margin of Safety, a Margin of safety is a principle of investing in which an investor only purchases securities when their market price is significantly below their intrinsic value. In other words, when the market price of a security is significantly below your estimation of its intrinsic value, the difference is the margin of safety. Because investors may set a margin of safety in accordance with their own risk preferences, buying securities when this difference is present allows an investment to be made with minimal downside risk. In accounting, the margin of safety, or safety margin, refers to the difference between actual sales and break-even sales. Managers can utilize the margin of safety to know how much sales can decrease before the company or a project becomes unprofitable. The margin of safety principle was popularized by famed British-born American investor Benjamin Graham (known as the father of value investing) and his followers, most notably Warren Buffett. Investors utilize both qualitative and quantitative factors, including firm management, governance, industry performance, assets and earnings, to determine a security's intrinsic value. The market price is then used as the point of comparison to calculate the margin of safety. Buffett, who is a staunch believer in the margin of safety and has declared it one of his "cornerstones of investing," has been known to apply as much as a 50% discount to the intrinsic value of a stock as his price target,= Kgp],lgt]:eP;'[Stgk].{

Market analysis,          = Tt];Sac]tUv];lgk];kat],'[An]kQp];Aw]et,tL,eKL:mun];nG];kat],eStk].w}. TL:lgc]:wL:mn];etKa}.kGL,tac];lG]Kuin]:huiw]lUc];huiw]n}nn].'{'

Market Approach,       = la};Kw]:hLlgk];kat],'[la};tqp];tt];mk];mn]:nUiw]An]mk];mn]:kL:Kn]pn]w}.nn].{

Market Basket,            = SL.lgk];kat],'[pQn]An]SG],w}.Enw}.lgc]:lgk];kat],Kuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:sUic].huiw]n}nn].' Aw]yip];tuiw];tL,K}:sgm];hG]:hU.lgc]:Ain]fel;SYin];lgc]:kL:Kn]lgc]:sn].Kuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:kan]Kw]sUiw];n}.{'

Market Bottom, the price level at which a security’s price begins to trend upwards after trending downwards,        = kUn] :lgk];kat],'[sn].kL:Kn]An]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:Et,mI;Sa}Kiun]:wa};eSmI;Sa}lUc];yw].nn].'{'

Market Capitalization Rule, a rule set by the New York Exchange (NYSE) to determine a minimum market value to be listed continuously. The Market Capitalization Rule states that companies must maintain a minimum value $25 million over 30 consecutive days to remain listed. This standard value was set in 2004,           = ma}mI:ciun];tuin];nG];lgk];kat],'[pQn] ma}mI:An]niw];ygk].AQk].KYQc];(Aqn]<wa}<Aqt].S]AI;)hQt];Agk],tL,tqp];tt];mk];mn]:kL:Kn]nG];kat],Suiw].Ka}nn].eSSuip],tqm]:SG],nG];Sa}ma}w}.pn]kGL,nn]."ma}mI:ciun];tuin];nG];lgk];kat],n}.mgk],Enw}.wL:'Kgm]<pnI,Kw]n}.tk];lUw],l}:kum];Tic];w}.hG]:mI;tI:eS,Sut];mn];25lan].etL,lL,Suip],lam];tam];put]:kn]kGL,tL,30wn];nn].kgn],sc],etl}:Kam],tqm]:SG],hG]:mI;w}.nG];Sa}ma}nn]."kL:Kn]Kuit];sn].An]n}.n}.tm];w}.mUiw]:pI<2004nn].yw]."{'

Market capitalization, total dollar market value of all of a company’s outstanding shares,       = cuin];tuin];nG];lgk] ;kat],'[hUw]hup]:cuin];etL,lL,tc];SQc]:An]pQn]kL:Kn]eSYyL<Kgm]<pnI,tuik].mI;w}.tc];mUt];nn].{'

Market Challenger,     = An]EKY;lin].lgk];kat],'[An]pn]tac];yap],Kat];sam];lgk];kat],lUv]:kL:Kn] mn];/kan]hp].sG].sg}:/hQt];Agk],KUw];Kgc]mG],Tqc]:sL.kGL,nn].{'

Market Crash,             = lgk];kat],kg}'

Market Discipline, The onus on the banks, financial institutions and sovereigns to conduct business while considering the risks to their stakeholders. Market discipline is a market-based promotion of the transparency and disclosure of the risks associated with a business or entity. It works in concert with regulatory systems to increase the safety and soundness of the market,           = ma}mI:lgk];kat],'[pQn]pun]:Pgn];EnSak]:eS,An]pqc].ey;ciun];Kw]tc];sum];ciun];tgc];Kw]mI;lUw],hQt]; nn].El:pQn]AL,nL,Aup].pUic],Pgc];cm];tL,Agn]Sac]:nL:kan]kL.Ka}nn].Pgc];mUiw]:tuik].wUn].K}:sG]tUv];An]etl}:sun].pn]tL,StQk].hUw];l]tL,(kUn];mI;pun]:pac]:Pgn];lIsgm];)nn]."ma}mI:lgk];kat],n}.pQn]An]yuk].tac],sn].pn]sgm];lgk];kat],mn];lUv]:An]lat]:tqk],lqc];El:An]kuv].Agk],Sgk]:hn]tac];etl}:sun].'sUiw];An]kuik];sgm];kan]kL.Ka}nn].El:Sc]Am],nn]ekL:sgm];KUic]:pUic]mI;w}.nn]."An]n}.n}.mn];hQt];sg}:Kuic]pgc]sgm];lgk];la};kQw],Pa},pUic]mI:nn].eSEl:tL,EP:tUin];pn]hG]:mI;lgc]:hUm],lUm]:lgt]:eP;tc];lgc]:lgk];kat],nim]lInn].yw]."{

Market Disruption, A situation where markets cease to function in a regular manner, typically characterized by rapid and large market declines. Market disruptions can result from both physical threats to the stock exchange or unusual trading (as in a crash). In either case, the disruption creates widespread panic and results in disorderly market conditions,            = lgk];kat], yuc]:yc]:[n}.pQn]Sa}ca}cw];la};An]lgk];kat],Kw]kuit];lgk];la};Kuic]Sac]:mn];kGL,sgm];la};k}.pQn]man],man],nn].yw].'SPLwmn];An]sk];mk];ma}tac];hQt];mn];pn]w}.n}.'pQn]An]lgk];kat],tUk];Sp];Sgn].w};nL,El:tUk];Et.tUk];wL:nL,nn]."An]lgk];kat],yuc]:yc]:n}.sac]:pQn]mL;ygn].mI;tac];lgk],cLhLhQt];eP;SG],tI:Stgk].AQk].KYQc];Am],nn]ekL:la};kL.kU;Am],k}.SU:hQt];nn].(nc],wL:mn];lqw]mn];kg}kGL,)"nG];lgc]:la};lG]ekL:yL,'An]lgk];kat],yuc]:yc]:n}.Pan],SGac];hQt];pQn]An]l}:kGc]pUkGc]pLepL;sgt],es;kGL,eShG]:pQn]mL;cw];la};lgk];kat],Am],Kp].w}.lIlInn].yw]."{'

Market Distortion, An economic scenario that occurs when there is an intervention in a given market by a governing body. The intervention may take the form of price ceilings, price floors or tax subsidies. Market distortions create failures, which is not an economically ideal situation,            = lgk];kat],pin]:'[pQn]SePL;SPL,wpa};mak]:mI;An]epL,pQn]mI;mL;mUiw]:mI;lgc] :sc],sG]Kw]:sim]Ek:K}pn]nG];lgk];kat],lUv]:An]sum];Aup].pUic],lgk];kat],Kw]ekL.hQt];kGL,nn]."lgc]:sc],sG]Kw]:sim]Ek:K}pn]n}.pUic]Pac]mn];sac]:eK;etpQn]An]tm];Kn]Suc]tUik]:Sut];mn];nn].lG]'tm];Kn]puin].SUiw],mn];nn].lG]'Am],nn]ekL:cuin];lUt];Kgn],nn].lG]sUiw];n}."An]lgk];kat],pin]:n}.sac]:Pan],SGac];hQt];pQn]lgk];kat],Sum];'lgk];kat],mQw];Am],sG]:Sa}ca}cw];la};Kqm].lqp]:lItL,pa};mak]:mI;nn].yw]."{

Market Dynamics, Market dynamics are pricing signals that are created as a result of changing supply and demand levels in a given market. Market dynamics describes the dynamic, or changing, price signals that result from the continual in both supply and demand of any particular product or group of products. Market dynamics is a fundamental concept in supply, demand and pricing economic models.,        = hqc];SUn];lgk];kat],tUc].nuic]'[n}.pQn]An]Enhac]:Stitm];Kn]KUw];A n]l}:pQn]mL;ygn].mI;lgc]:pin],lqk]:la}:tI:sn].Pa},Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]tc];Pa},tuk];ygn];An]epLmL;nG];lgk];kn]An]nuic]:nn]."hqc];SUn];lgk];kat],tUc].nuic]n}.tqm]:Sp];lqc];Enlgc]:hqc];SUn];tUc].nuic]Am],nn]lgc]:pin],lqk]:la}:tI:An]Enhac]:Stitm];Kn]KUw];An]l}:pQn]mL;ygn].mI;lgc]:pin],lqk]:la}:Suip],etL,kGL,tI:Pa},Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]El:Pa},tuk];ygn];tc];Sgc]Pa},nn].eSetpQn]tL,KUw];Kgc]hQt];Agk],eKLeKLAn]nuic]:nn].lG]Am],nn]ekL:KUw];Kgc]hQt];Agk],sgm];kn]tc];mU,tc];sum];nn].lG]yU,yw]."hqc];SUn];lgk];kat],tUc].nuic]n}.pQn]SePL;JtL;cw]:cL,An]pQn]pUic]lIyUic]:nG];pa};mak]:mI;pun]:tL,Pa},Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]'Pa},tuk];ygn];El:An]tm];kL:Kn]mn];sUiw];n}.nn].yw]."{

Market economy, (opposite of a “centrally planned economy”)   = pa};mak]:mI;pac]kat],'(pin]:PUn]kn]tc];!pa};ma k]:mI;luk].tI:cw]:suic]:wac];Pqn]'@)

Market Failure, an economic term that encompasses a situation where, in any given market, the quantity of a product demanded by consumers does not equate to the quantity supplied by suppliers. This is a direct result of lack of certain economically ideal factors, which prevents equilibrium ,            = lgk];kat],Sum];'[pQn]eKL:kGam];sG].Pa},pa};mak]:mI;An]hup]: w}.pL;mUt];sUiw];lgc]:An]pQn]nG];lgk];kat],An]nuic]:'mUin]nc],tac];nm]KUw];Kgc]hQt];Agk],An]kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];tuk];ygn];nn].Am],cam]kn]tc];tac];nm]An]Pa},Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]Kw]km].sg}:pn]nn].yw]."n}.sm].l}:Agk],pQn]mI;mL;ygn].mI;An]sut]:lut]:yUp]:ygm];w}.eSAn]An]tI:lgc]:tac];hG]:pa};mak]:mI;Kqm].lqp]:lInn].km];Suiw]:eSyw].'pQn]An]ham]:Eh.lgc]:hqc];kGL,hqc];mL;PQc]kn]nn].pqt]:w}.yw]."{

Market indexes, an aggregate value produced by combining several stocks or other investment vehicles together and expressing their total values against a base value from a specific date. Market indexes are intended to represent an entire stock market and thus track the market’s changes over time,      = Ain];tqk].S]lgk];kat],'[n}.pQn]kL:Kn]Kgn]:pgc];kn]hQ t];Agk],w}.lUv]:An]Aw]cuin];mUk];Stgk].la}la}An]Am],nn]ekL:KUic]:etL.SUc],An]Puk],Pc]Alac];tc];nm]sUiw];nn].mL;pgc];elL;kn]w}.eSpuit],lat]:EnkL:Kn]hUw]hup]:An]mI;w}.nUiw]Kn]puin].Kam],nG];wn];wn];nuic]:nn]."Ain];tqk].S]lgk];kat],n}.Aac]:Aan];w}.pQn]tL,tac]tUw]Enlgk];kat],Stgk].tc];mUt];tc];SQc]:nn].El:sc],wL:mn];K}:sgm];hg};An]pin],lqk]:la}:nG];lgk];kat],kU:Kic],kU:yam];nn].yw]."{'

Market is Off, a common phrase meaning that the stock market is trading lower than at some specific point in the past. The market could be off in comparison to the previous day’s level, last month’s level or the closing level a year ago. A synonym is “the market is down”; the opposite expression would be “the market is up.”,            = Kn]kat],tUk];'[pQn]tg};eKL:kGam];An] mI;tI:pgc],wL:An]kL.kU;nG];lgk];kat],Stgk].n}.tUk];tqm],kGL,eSKn]An]mI;w}.pgk]:nuic]:mUiw]:pUn].mL;nn].n}yw]."Kan]kat],tUk];n}.sac]:pQn]lUv]:An]Aw]nUic];kn]tUv];tc];sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].wn];Agn]tac];'sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].nG];lUin]pUn].'Am],nn]ekL:sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].nG];pIka}nn].yU,yw]."An]mUin]kn]n}.wL:!Kn]kat],lUc];kGL,yw].'@n}nn].eSAn]puit],lat]:EnPa},Kt];Kiun];nn].Sm].wL:!Kn]kat],Kuin]:mL;yw].'@n}'{'

Market is Up, a common phrase meaning that the stock market is trading higher than at some specific point in the past. The market could be off in comparison to the previous day’s level, last month’s level or the closing level a year ago. A synonym is “the market is up”; the opposite expression would be “the market is down.”,          = Kn]kat],Kuin]:'[pQn]tg};eKL:kGam];An] mI;tI:pgc],wL:An]kL.kU;nG];lgk];kat],Stgk].n}.Suc]mL;eSKn]An]mI;w}.pgk]:nuic]:mUiw]:pUn].mL;nn].n}yw]."Kan]kat],Kuin]:n}.sac]:pQn]lUv]:An]Aw]nUic];kn]tUv];tc];sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].wn];Agn]tac];'sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].nG];lUin]pUn].'Am],nn]ekL:sn].An]mI;w}.mUiw]:kat],pik].nG];pIka}nn].yU,yw]."An]mUin]Kt];kn]tc];tg};eKL:kGam];n}.n}.wL:!Kn]kat],Kiun]:mL;yw].'@n}nn].eSAn]puit],lat]:EnPa},Kt];Kiun];nn].Sm].wL:!Kn]kat],lUc];kGL,yw].'@!Kn]kn]lUc];'@n}nn].'{'

Market Jitters,             = sG]sL.sgm];lgk];kat],'[ygn].mI;lgc]:kUw]kQw],An]Puk],Pc]Alac];w}.eSpQn]mL;{

Market leader,             = PU:nam];lgk];kat],'[n}.pQn]Kgm]<pnI,An]mI;ESYyL<nG];lgk];kat],w}.nm]Sut];{

Market Maker, the Nasdaq is the prime example of an operation of market markers.,   = ekL.hQt];kat],'[pQn]sum];pg}; sL;ekL.emLKuic]kan]Kw]"nqt].S]tqk].n}.pQn]An]tqk]:nUic];Enla};st];kan]ekL.hQt];kat],(sum];pg};sL;ekL.emLKuic]kan]Kw])nn].yw].{'

Market Out Clause, a stipulation in an underwriting agreement that allows the underwriter to cancel the agreement without penalty. A market out clause can activated for specific reasons such as souring market conditions or simply because the underwriter is having difficulty in selling the company’s stock. However, though the reasons can be varied, they must be noted in the market out clause,      = pgt];tgn]:lik]:Agk],kat],'[pQn]eKL:wac];Kp].w}.tI:nG];eKL:l}:sG]An]tqm]:Kgt],m t].w}.nn].eS'pQn]An]pn]hG]:ekL.tqm]:Kgt],mt].w}.n}.sac]:yL.mgt],pqt]:eKL:l}:sG]nn].lUv]:Am],l}:pn]tam],mn];Sc]eSAit];nn].yw]."etsac]:SG],hqc];tUc].nuic]pn]tI:pgt];tgn]:lik]:Agk],kat],nn].'ygn].lUv]:lgc]:tac];mUin],sUic].nc],cw];la};lgk];kat],Sw]:mw];mgc]nn].El:Sc]'Am],nn]ekL:'etL.Et.ygn].kgp]:pUiw]:wL:ekL.tqm]:Kgt],mt].w}.n}.mI;tac];yap],Puit],tI:tL,etKa}Stgk].Kgm]<pnI,mn];nn].'n}eSyL.mgt],pqt]:l}:yU,yw]."wL:nn]eStL.ekL:'lgc]:tac];mn];sUiw];nn].n}.sac]:pQn]la}sUiw].la}mQw];El:'tk];lUw],l}:tqm]:ma}tgc];w}.nG];pgt];tgn]:lik]:Agk],kat],nn].yU,yw]."{'

Market price,               = Kn]Ka}nG];kat],' Kn]kat],'

Market Psychology, the overall sentiment or felling that the market is experiencing at any particular time. Greed, fear, expectations and circumstances are all factors that contribute to the group’s overall investing mentality or sentiment,    = Sa}, kUw],pa};sG]lgk];kat],'[pa};hn]Tuic]Am],nn]lgc]:Kam],sL;nG];sG]nUiw]tc];SQc]:tc];lUc]kU:An]mQw];An]lgk];kat],l}:hUp].TUp];w}.nG];Kaw];yam];eKLeKLAn]nuic]:mUiw]:lG]eSAm],wL:nn]."elL;PyG],'kUw]'muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nm]El:Sa}ca}cw];la};tc];la}n}.'pQn]lgc]:mn];tac];mn];sUiw];puin]EP:Tuic]kGL,tI:pa};Tat]:sG]Am],nn]pa};hn]Tuic]lgc]:Puk],Pc]Alac];nn].tc];mUt];yw]."{

Market Risk Premium,            = nm].mYat]:ht];sun].'

Market Segmentation Theory, a modern theory pertaining to interest rates stipulating that there is no necessary relationship between long and short-term interest rates. Furthermore, short and long-term markets fall into two different categories. Therefore, the yield curve is shaped according to the supply and demand of securities within each maturity length,= tI,AUw]<rI<tL,sk];EPlgk];kat],'[pQn]pa};wUn].hp].hn]Tuic]Kuit];kap]:pan]mG],An]kQw],lgc]:hQt];eKL:wac];Kp].w}.nUiw]Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];tc];la}'pun]:nc],huiw]mn];epL;Am],sm]pQn]lUw],l}:mI;lgc]:kp];Suip],Kw]:Agk],kn]tc];Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];tL,ciun];kU:Kaw];yaw];El:Kaw];pgt];nn]."lUiw]eSn}.Am],kL;'lgk];kat],Kaw];pgt];El:Kaw];yaw];n}.mn];pQn]w}.Sgc]tgn]:An]pqk],kn]w}.nn].yw]."kgp]:n}El:'An]ygn],yan];kUc],mgc].n}.hQt];pQn]w}.sgm];nc],mn];mI;lgc]:Tgk]:pam].km].kqm]El:lgc]:tuk];ygn];mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI<tI<)Kw]nG];Kaw];yam];huic]TUn]:Tuic]lItL,An]lG]An]nn].Kaw];lG]Kic],nn].nn]."{

Market timing,            = yam];Kin];lgk];kat],'

Market Value, = kL:Kn]nG];kat],Siuw].Ka}'[Kn]An]ekL.Siuw].pn]Suc]Sut];El:ekL.Ka}Ka}ygm];TiSut];nn].{

Market-based promotion,        = yuk].tac],sn].pn]sgm];lgk];kat],mn];'

Marketing Fraud,        = pqt].lqn]eSL,hUv];kUn];Suiw].'

Marketing Mix, A marketing mix usually refers to E. Jerome McCarthy's 4 P classification for developing an effective marketing strategy, which encompasses: product, price, placement (distribution) and promotion. When it's a consumer-centric marketing mix, it has been extended to include three more Ps: people, process and physical evidence, and three Cs: cost, consumer and competitor. Depending on the industry and the target of the marketing plan, marketing managers will take various approaches to each of the four Ps. The various approaches that are used have evolved over time, especially with the increased use of technology,    = la};eSL,kL.eSL,Ka}KUn];kn]'[n}.k}.pQn]An]sI.sm]:Enla};AI;kYrUm];mqk].KdI<An]pQn] la};!4PI<@(n}.sm].wL:tI:tUw]lik]:Aic];klQt].!PI<@nn].)lgc]:sqk],sn].w}.pun]:tL,Puin].PU;Kiun]:pa};tuik];la};eSL,hUv];kUn];Suiw].hG]:mqn]:yam]lI'An]hup]:w}.pL;mUt];nn].yw].'KG]:wL:pQn]lgc]:'KUw];hQt];Agk],'kL:Kn]'tI:pUk];tm];w}.(tac];puin]EP:)'El:yuk].tac],Kiun]:sn].pn]'sUiw];n}."epL;wL:pQn]la};eSL,kL.eSL,Ka}KUn];kn]An]w}.kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];pQn]cw]:cun];mn];nn].n}.'mn];KGak]:kGac]:kGL,eSAw]Kw]:pL;w}.Tqc]:!PI<Sam]tUw]@An]pQn]'kUn];mUic];'Kk].tgn]:kan]'Sak]:eS,An]mI;nm].mI;tUw]'nn].El:Aik],'!sISam]tUw]@An]pQn]'kL:srip]:'kUn];Suiw].yip];tuiw];'El:kUn];EK.KQc],'sUiw];n}.nn]."Aic]nUiw]hUc];kan]El:An]wac];Pqn]la};eSL,hUv];kUn];Suiw].mI;pw].ma}w}.nn].eS'PU:kgn];la};eSL,kL.eSL,Ka}Kw]n}.etAw]la};Kw]:hLla}Pa},la}tac];eSKw]:hLAUim]:sm]!PI<@tUw]lG]tUw]nn].An]pQn]nG];!4PI<@nn].kGL,yU,yw]."la};Kw]:hLla}Pa},la}tac];An]l}:yip];sG].tuiw];mL;yw].nn].'Kaw];yam];mn];huic]mL;El:mI;lgc]:pin],pQn]mL;lg};lg};yw].'km]:nm]n}.pQn]sgm];ygn].An]yip];tuiw];la};Tqk].enL;elL;kYI<nn].Kuin]:Sc].yG],EP:nm]kuin];mL;nn].yw]."{'

Marketing Plan,           = wac];Pqn]la};eSL,hUv];kUn];Suiw].'

Marketing Strategy,    = pa};tuik];la};eSL,hUv];kUn];Suiw].'

Marketing, N.,              = eSL,hUv];kUn];Siuw].'eSL,kL.eSL,Ka}'(mL;kit].tic];)'

Marketing, N.,              = kL.Ka}sgm];pac]kat],' eSL,kL.eSL,Ka}'(tac];-/lgc]:-/An]-)

Market-On-Close Order (MOC), an order to trade stocks, options, or futures as close as possible to the market close,= eKL:sI.Sc]hQt];mUiw]:kat],sm]pik].'(Aqm]<AUw]<sI)[eKL:sI.Sc]Suiw].Ka}ciun];mUk];Stgk].'Agp];SYin];'Am],nn]fiw];KYOiw];S]sUiw];n}.sm]mUiw]:lgk];kat],etpik].nn].sm]l}:kL:huiw]ekL:hG]:hQt];sm]sm]Sut];n}nn]."{'

Market-On-Open Order (MOO), an order to buy or sell shares that specifically requests execution at opening price; MOO orders can only executed when the market opens, and at no other time during the trading day. The MOO order does not specify a limit price, unlike a Limit-On-Open (LOO) order,        = eKL:sI.Sc]yam];Puv],kat],'(Aqm]<AUw]<AUw]<)[pQ n]eKL:Sc],sG].Suiw].Am],nn]ekL:Ka}sgm];Kn]mUiw]:tuik].Puv],kat],nn].'eKL:Sc]Aqm]<AUw]<AUw]<n}.sc]pgc]kan]mn];l}:mUiw]:Puv],kat],nn].kUv];eSEl:Am],mI;yam];tac],Kic],Tqc]:nG];Pgc];mUiw]:nG];wn];kL.kU;wn];nuic]:nn].'eKL:sI.Sc]Aqm]AUw]<AUw]<n}.Am],EnkL:Kn]mn];w}.pn]eKLeKL'Am],mUin]nc],!eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];mUiw];yam];Puv],(EAl]AUw]<AUw]<)@{'

Maturity Date, due date,        = wn];TUn]:Tiuc]'[Tuic]wn];An]lUw],l}:Aw]tL,wUn],pun]:Pgn];pn]nn].'{'

Merrill Lynch & Co., one of the better known management and advisory companies. Merrill Lynch provides a wide range of services to both individual and international investors. Sometimes also known as the “Thundering Herd” because of their large presence and advertising campaign featuring bulls,      = Kgm]<pnIEm;rIlin].KY]'[nG];Kgm]<pnI,mI;la};kum];kgn];lIE l:pn]tac];wUn].K}:sG]Kqm].sUiw];nn].n}}.pQn]Kgm]<pnI,pUin]:hU.sk];nm]"Em;rIlin].KY]n}.km].sg}:pn]la};hp].sG].sg}:la}sUiw].la}mQw];tL,kUn];Puk],Pc]Alac];ekL.etL,ekL.Aik],kUn];nG];mUic];lum]:fL.Kw]tc];nc],kn]"mac]pgk]:n}.pUin]:hU.w}.wL:pQn]!Puc]St];fL.lc]@n}ekL:wL:yw].kgp]:pUiw]:epL;Kw]mL;mI;sgm];w}.nm]nm]eSpuin]Kaw],SUn];tum]n}suic]pQn]puc],hac]:SPL,wwUw];(kat],wUw];)nn].yw].'{

Minus Directional Movement Index, (-DMA)           = yiUc];kGL,tac];yUp]:lUc];'

Mismatch, in general, this means to match incorrectly or unsuitably. For example, a bank may borrow for the short term and make long-term loans,     = tg};Pit];'[tI:pgc],yUw];yUw];mn];n}.KG]:wL:Aw]tg};kn]Aw]kp];kn]w}.Am],man],Am],n n]ekL:Am],lqp]:nn]."tI:tk]:mn];sm].'mUin]nc],pqc].ey;cuin];An]nuic]:n}.eK;etsac]:kU:pn]cuin];tL,Kaw];pgt];eSAw]hQt];pQn]ciun];kU:Kaw];yaw];nn].'{

Misselling, The ethically questionable practice of a salesperson misrepresenting or misleading an investor about the characteristics of a product or service. In an effort to make a sale to a potential customer, a financial products salesperson could leave out certain information or describe a financial product as something the investor urgently needs, even though sound financial judgment would come to the opposite conclusion. A good example of misselling can be seen in the life insurance industry. Consider an investor who has a large amount of savings and investments but no dependent children and a deceased spouse. This investor would arguably have little need for whole life insurance and, therefore, an insurance salesperson describing the product as something the investor urgently needed to protect his or her assets in the event of death could be considered a case of misselling.,          = Ka}la};Am],Tuk],'[epL;Aw]Pa},la};kYac].tc];km]wL:suic]pQn]la};hQt];tac];Sac]:An]cm];cw];kuic], lIsqt]:Tam]nn].El:Sm].pQn]An]kUn];Ka}sg}:ekL.nuic]:n}.'hqc].lQn]:hqc];nL,eSAm],nn]ekL:Agn]Pit];tac];eS'lat]:hQt];Enpn]tI:ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];ekL.nuic]:kQw]lgc]:puc],hac]:SPL,wKUw];hQt];Agk],An]nuic]:Am],nn]kan]hp].sG].sg}:An]nuic]:nn]."{

Money available at the present time,              = cuin];tn];mI;w}.mUiw]:lQw]'

Mutual Funds,             = miw]<TGL<fn];'(sum];)

N

NASDAQ – 52 Week High/Low, The New 52-Week High/Low indicates a stock is trading at its highest or lowest price in the past 52 weeks. This is an important indicator for many investors in determining the current value of a stock or predicting a trend in a stock’s performance. One popular strategy employed by stock traders is to purchase companies hitting new highs. Hover over symbols below for additional index information, including quotes, news, and charts,   = nqt].S]tq k].Suc]/tqm],-52wUc]:[n}.sm].pqn]An]mqp]:Enlgc]:wL:cuin];mUk];Stgk].An]nuic]:n}.kL.kU;kGL,tI:Suc]Sut];Am],nn] tqm],Sut];mn];kL:huiw]nG];mUiw]:pUn].mL;52wUc]:nn].n}yw]."n}.pQn]tac];mqp]:EnAn]lm],lgc]:tL,kUn];Puk],Pc]Alac];tc];la}Kw]tI:tL,ettqp];tt];mk];mn]:kL:Kn]Stgk].An]mI;w}.sc],n}.nn].'Am],nn]ekL:tL,Aw]tk].w}.TL:wL:Sa}Stgk].An]nuic]:n}.mn];etKuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:kGL,sUic].huiw]n}nn]."{'

NASDAQ, N. National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations: a system for quoting over-counter securities. A global electronic marketplace for buying and selling securities, as well as the benchmark index for U.S. technology stocks. Nasdaq was created by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) to enable investors to trade securities on a computerized, speedy and transparent system, and commenced operations on February 8, 1971. The term “Nasdaq” is also used to refer to the Nasdaq Composite, an index of more than 3,000 stocks listed on the Nasdaq exchange that includes the world’s foremost technology and biotech giants such as Apple, Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Amazon, Intel and Amgen,  = nq t].S]tqk].'[!sum];sUiw].sat]:emLKuic]kan]Pa},SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]Aw]Aac]:Aic]eAL,etL,l}:km];lQw]@n}.pQn]lgk];la};tL,Aw]Aac]:Aic]tUv];sgm];lgc]:hUm],lUm]:lIAm],hUm],lUm]:lIkQw],lgc]:ciun];tgc];nn].{'

Nasdaq-100 After Hours Indicator, an indicator of post-market sentiment and trading activity, calculated by measuring the after-hours price levels of stocks within the Nasdaq 100 and using the same methodology as that used to create the Nasdaq 100 during regular trading sessions. Because some stocks may not be trading in the after-hours session, their prices will remain at the daily close when calculating the Nasdaq 100 after-hours indicator. (Typical after-hours trading session run from 4 – 6 pm ET for NASDAQ 100),       = nqt].S]tqk].100mqp]:Enw}a;sUw]:mgc];'[An]mqp]:Entac];hn]Tuic]wa};kat],nb  nn].El:tac];tUc].nuic]kL.kU;kn]yw].kGL,nn].eS'Aw]la};tqk]:tUv];Kk].sn].kL:Kn]wa};sUw]:mgc];tL,sUiw];pQn]Stgk].nG];nqt].S]tqk].100nn]."(SPL,wSYqt].SYin],kL.kU;wa};sUw]:mgc];n}.Et,Aw]wa};wn];4;00kKetL,Tuic]6;00kK'Kam];yam];pgt];wn];Agk],mUic];yU<Aqt].S]nn].'){'

National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), was the self-regulatory organization of the securities industry responsible for the operation and regulation of the Nasdaq stock market and over-the-counter markets. It also administrated exams for investment professionals, such as the Series 7 exam,           = Aqn]<eAAqt].S]tI'[sum];sUiw].sa t]:ekL.emLKuic]kan]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<'n}.pQn]sum];hQt];pUic]mI:Agk],hc];kUv];eSAw]pun]:Pgn];Pa},hUc];kan]mG]hUm],lUm]:nn].eSst];kan]pn]El:tm];pUic]mI:lgk];kat],Stgk].nqt].Stqk].El:tc];kat],AUw]TIsI(kat],Kam]:KUc],kQp];ciun];)Kw]nn]."sum];n}.Aup].pUic],w}.pL;lgc]:pac]sqt]:Tam]lik]:tL,kUn];lUc].lqn],Pa},Puk],Pc]Alac];Kw]'mUin]nc],pac]sqt]:Tam]tL,l}:la}<Sqn]<SI;rI;7nn].'{

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), a stock exchange based in New York City, which is considered the largest equities-based exchange in the world based on total market capitalization of its listed securities. Formerly run as a private organization, the NYSE became a public entity in 2005 following the acquisition of electronic trading exchange Archipelago. The parent company of the New York Stock Exchange is now called NYSE Euronext, following a merger with the European exchange in 2007. Also known as the Big Board,       = niw];ygk].Stgk].AQk].KYQc];'(Aqn]<wa}<Aqt].S]AI;)[!sum];pU t]<lUc]@n}ekL:wL:'{

O

Option seller, Option writer,         = ekL.Ka}Agp];SYin];'[ekL.tqm]:Agp];SYin];{'

Option spread,            = Agp];SYin];sgt],es;'[kL.kU;Agp];SYin];mQw];lQw]sL.lQw]kn]yam];lQw]kn]eShLn m].mYat]:sgm];An]mI;mL;lgc]:pin],lqk]:la}:nn].{

Option, N. the right to buy a property at a specific price within a specific time period,     = Agp];SYin];'tac];liUk]:'

Options Contract, a contract that allows the holder to buy or sell an underlying security at a given price, known as the strike price,       = Agp];SYin];ptivin],'[pQn]ptivin],An]pn]KGac].hG]:ekL.yip];mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI,tI<)w}.n}.sac]:Suiw] .Ka}SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]mUk];eSL.lp].w}.An]niuc]:nc],mI;mL;kL:Kn]pn]tL,Suiw].An]kUn];tc];la}hU.wL:Kn]mqc],nn].'{'

Options Trading,         = kL.kU;Agp];SYin];''

Original Issue Discount (OID),          = ygm];kL:Kn]pn]cw]:puic];'(AUw]<Aa}<tI)'

Outstanding, adj. continuing in existence; remaining unsettled, unpaid, etc.: outstanding debts,   = tuik].mI;w}.'tuik].ma t],w}.'[Suip],mI;w}.'Am],p},Sgn],yw].yL,kn]El:kuit];mI;w}.'An]Am],p},tqn];'{(nI:tuik].mat],w}.)'

Overdiversify, overdiversified, overdiversifying,      = sk];w}.la}kip],nm]pUn].'

Over-the-counter (OTC) market,        = kat],AUw]<TIsI'[(kat],Kam]:KUc],kQ];cuin];)n}.pQn]tI:kL.kU;Ka}lik]:pg n]<El:ciun];mUic];nn].pQn]tI:Am],epL;tqk],lqc];Sac];Am],epL;mI;pUic]ma}mI:nm]tan],tI:AQk].KYQc];nn].{'

Overvalue, overvalued, overvaluing,  = tac],Kn]Suc]pUn].'[w}.kL:Kn]mn];nm]pUn].An]TUik]:tan],{

P

P/E 10 ratio, The P/E 10 ratio is a valuation measure, generally applied to broad equity indices, that uses real per-share earnings over a 10-year period. The P/E 10 ratio uses smoothed real earnings to eliminate the fluctuations in net income caused by variations in profit margins over a typical business cycle. The ratio was popularized by Yale University professor Robert Shiller, who won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2013. It attracted a great deal of attention after Shiller warned that the frenetic U.S. stock market rally of the late-1990s would turn out to be a bubble. The P/E 10 ratio is also known as the "cyclically adjusted PE (CAPE) ratio" or "Shiller PE ratio.",   = PI</AI;er;SYOw];10'[n}.pQn]An]tqk]:tUv];lgc]:Sgn]kL:Kn] KUw];Ain];tqk].S]tc];nm]nn].eS'pQn]tL,Aw]yip];tuiw];hG]:hU.lgc]:wL:ESYyL<nuic]:An]n}.hLciun];l}:kL:huiw]Et.Et.nG];sUw]:yam];10pI<nn].n}yw]."{'

Passive management, a style of management associated with mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETF) where a fund’s portfolio mirrors a market index. Passive management is the opposite of active management in which a fund’s manager (s) attempt to beat the market with various strategies and buying/selling decisions a portfolio’s securities,           = la};kum];kg n];pG].Kam],'[la};kum];kgn];An]kuik];hgm];sgm];kn]w}.tac];miw]<TGL<fn];el:AI;TI<Aqp].f]fn];nn].eSpQn]tI:pUt],fUw];lI<AUw],pL;nG]fn];An]nuic]:mUin]man],sm]:Tgc],Enlgk];kat],Ain];tqk].S]nn]."la};kum];kgn];pG].Kam],n}.pin]:PUn]kn]tc];la};kum];kgn];Kw]:hLnn].Et.yw].mqn]:mUiw]:An]PU:kgn];fn];Kw]kYam],Aac]:mc]lgk];kat],hG]:ep.lUv]:pa};tuik];tL,Puk],Pc]Alac];la}sUiw].la}mQw];nn].eSEl:hLSuiw]./hLKa}eKL:tqp];tt];nUiw]pUt],fUw];lI<AUw],mG]hUm],lUm]:Kw]nn].'{'

Passive manager,         = PU:kgn];la};pG].Kam],'

Penalties for early withdrawal,           = tam],ygn].Tuk]:ciun].sw].'

Period of time, a period of time,    = sUw]:yam];huic]Kaw];nuic]:'sUw]:Kaw];yam];sUw]:nuic]:'

Physical evidence,                   = Sak]:eS,An]mI;nm].mI;tUw]'

Placement, N. position, station, spot, situate, locality,     = tI:pBk];tm];w}.'(lgc]:-)

Portfolio, N. the total holdings of the securities, commercial papers, etc., of a financial institution or private investor, = pU t],fUw];lI<AUw],'Aqp];lik]:la};'[An]yip];w}.SI<kiw];rI,tI<(mG]hUm],lUm]:)tc];la}El:Puin]lik]:la};pa};kL.Ka}tc];la}sL,kGL,pQn]pun]:tL,sum];Pa},cuin];tgc];/ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];ekL.lQw]{

Potential earning capacity,      = hqc];nm].kt].hQt];hLl}:mYat]:nn].'

Price ceilings,  = Kn]Suc]tUik]:Sut];'[kL:Kn]tm];w}.Suc]Sut];Am],Aw]lUiw]nn].l}:{'

Price floors,     = Kn]puin].SUiw],'[kL:Kn]tm];w}.tqm],Sut];Sut];Am],ygm];eSnn].l}:{'

Primary Market,          = lgk];kat],cw]:Et,'

Professional Risk Manager - PRM,     = PU:kgn];lUc].lqn],Pa},tac];ht];sun].'(PI<JALAqm]<)

Promotion, N.,              = ybk].tac],Kiun]:sn].pn]' (tac];-/lgc]:-/An]-)

Provided money,         = cuin];An]km].sg}:pn]w}.'

Put Option,  -An option contract that gives the holder the right to sell (or ‘put’), and obligates the writer to purchase, a specific number of shares of underlying stock at the giving strike price, on or before the expiration date of the contract. Opposite of a CALL,         = Agp];SYin];Ka}KQw]'

Q

Quote, the last price at which a security or commodity traded. The bid or ask quote are the most current prices and quantities at which the shares can be bought or sold.,  = Kn]luin];'[kL:Kn]An]SI<Kw];rI,tI<Am],nn]Kgc]kL.kU;kn]An]nui c]:Suiw].Ka}kGL,km];luin];Sut];nn]."Kn]pit]<El:Kn]luin];An]ygn];mL;n}.pQn]kL:Kn]etL:lQw]El:tac];nm]ESYyL<An]sac]:etSuiw].l}:Am],nn]Ka}l}:nn].yw]."{'

R

Required Rate of Return, the required rate of return (RRR) is the minimum annual percentage earned by an investment that will induce individuals or companies to put money into a particular security or project. The RRR is used in both equity valuation and in corporate finance. Investors use the RRR to decide where to put their money, and corporations use the RRR to decide if they should pursue a new project or business expansion. An investor might require a return of 9% per year to consider a stock investment worthwhile, assuming it is easy to sell the stock and that inflation is 3% per year. The reasoning is that if the investor does not receive a 9% return, which is really a 6% return after inflation, it would be better putting the money in a CD that earns a risk-free 3% per year, which is really 0% after inflation,        = lUw],l}:mYat]:'[ciun];lUw],mYat]:mL;tI:Puk],Pc] Alac];w}.nn].nuic]:pI<n}.hUw]pak],mn];kL:huiw]n}nn].'{

Risk Advisory Consultant,     = ekL.kp];San]ka},Suip],sg}:wUn].pn]tac];ht];sun].'

Risk lover,       = kUn];/ekL.ht];sun].' ekL./kUn];kYOik]:sun].'

Risk management,       = la};kum];kgn];tac];ht];sun].'

Risk measures, (There five principal risk measures: Alpha, Beta, R-Squared, Standard Deviation, Sharpe Ratio,),    = la};tqk]:tac];ht];sun].'[mn];mI;w}.la};tqk]:tac];ht];sun].Sam]Kan];Sut];hLla};yw]."nn].sm].'AL,lfL,'ep;t'JALSkg};'Stqn];tUit].tIwIeA;SYin];'SYLrp].er;SYOw];'sUiw];n}.'{

Risk Premium, the return in excess of the risk-free rate of return that an investment is expected to yield. An asset's risk premium is a form of compensation for investors who tolerate the extra risk - compared to that of a risk-free asset - in a given investment,        = nm].mYat]:ht];sun].'[n}.pQn]nm].mYat]:l}:An]lUiw]mn];mL;tI:nm].mYat]:l}:nUiw]Kn]KI:ciun]; Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:Am],lUw]Kam],sun].nn]."{

Risk-free asset, an asset which has a certain future return. Treasuries (especially T-bills) are considered to be risk-free because they are backed by the U.S. government,       = Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:Am],lUw],Kam],sun].'[n}.pQn]Kgc]tL,tqn];nI :An]mI;nm].mYat]:wn];mUiw];nL:lp].lgc];nn]."!TIpI;l]@)n}.nm].Sgn],wL:Kw]pQn]Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:Am],lUw],Kam],sun].nn].yw].kgp]:pUiw]:lUc]pgc]suic]:mUic];yU,Aqt].S]ekL.w}.km].tac];lc]"{

S

S&P 500 Index,          = Ain]tqk].S]Aqt].S]PI<500'[Ain];tqk].S]500n}.yip];w}.ciun];mUk];Stgk].kGac]: kGac]:KGac]KGac]El:pQn]An]tqk]:tUv];An]lgk];kat],Kuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:EnkU:lgc]:lgc]:nn]."{

S&P, Standard & Poor’s Corporation, = Aqt].S]PI<'[ekL<pUw],er;SYin];kUn];Kuit];sn].tc];kUn];Pan]{

Scope, N. extent or range of view, application, operation, effectiveness, etc.; extent in space; a tract or area; space for movement or activity,  = tUc],wUc];'[Agc]:tI:kGac]:tI:muc]:l}:tI:st];kan]l}:tUc].nuic]:hQt];Sac]:Tuic]tI:l}:{'

SEC Form 10, A filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), also known as the General Form for Registration of Securities. It is used to register a variety of securities for trading on U.S. exchanges. Information on SEC Form 10 includes the type and amount of security being issued, the financial information of the issuer, and any potential conflicts of interest that may exist. In addition to using this form for standard registration of securities, it can be used for accelerated and small business filings. SEC Form 10 is one of the most basic sources of information about a publicly traded security. Everyone from private investors to Wall Street analysts use a company's SEC Form 10 to gather the information needed to make investment decisions. The company's financial statements are of particular interest, especially for companies who have not previously issued other securities. Additionally, SEC Form 10 contains management's perspective on potential risks and opportunities facing their company.(Related Forms: SEC Form 10-12B, 10-12G),    = Puin]pUic]Aqt].S]AI;sI10 '[pQn]tL,tac],Puin]lik]:Puin]la};tI;Aqt].S]AI;sIEl:Puin]pUic]kU:lgc]:lgc]:tL,tqm]:ma}tac],Puin]mG]hUm],lUm]:n}ekL:wL:"Puin]pUic]Aqt].S]AI;sI,10n}.pQn]puin].Kam].cUin]:tuin];Kaw],lgc]:tac];An]kUn];mUic];tc];la}Kw]kL.kU;mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI<Kiw];rI,tI<)nn].yw]."{

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),            = Aqt].S]AI;sI'[ekL<miSYin],Pa},mG]hUm],lUm]:(SI< Kiw];rI,tI<)tc];Pa},lqk]:kU;kn](AQk].KYQc];){

Security Market Line - SML, the security market line (SML) is a line that graphs the systematic, or market, risk versus return of the whole market at a certain time and shows all risky marketable securities. Also referred to as the "characteristic line" The SML essentially graphs the results from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) formula. The x-axis represents the risk (beta), and the y-axis represents the expected return. The market risk premium is determined from the slope of the SML. The security market line is a useful tool in determining whether an asset being considered for a portfolio offers a reasonable expected return for risk. Individual securities are plotted on the SML graph. If the security's risk versus expected return is plotted above the SML, it is undervalued because the investor can expect a greater return for the inherent risk. A security plotted below the SML is overvalued because the investor would be accepting less return for the amount of risk assumed.,       = Tqw]lgk];kat],SI< Kiw];rI,tI<'(Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])[n}.pQn]Tqw]nG];lgk];krqp].nn].'Am],nn]ekL:pQn]An]l}:sun].nG];lgk];kat],El:tc];nm].mYat]:etl};nG];lgk];kat],mL;mUt];mUt];mUiw]:Kaw];yam];An]nuic]:nn].'eSyw].El:Enw}.lgc]:l}:sun].ha}.nUiw]mG]hUm],lUm]:An]sac]:Suiw].Ka}l}:nG];kat],nn].yw]."n}.sI.sm]:pn]w}.wL:pQn]!Tqw]Sc],Tuk],Kuik].tgn];@n}nc],kaw],yw]."(Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])n}.pQn]krqp].pUic]lUc]mn];An]l}:mL;tI:fgm];miw],lL,(sIeAPI<Aqm]<)nn]."An]pQn]kan];ekL.wac];yaw];Aqk].s]n}.tac]w}.wL:pQn](ep;t)'n}eSkan];lk];tc]:wa}<n}.tac]w}.wL:pQn]nm].mYat]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:n}yw]."nm].mYat]:ht];sun].nG];lgk];kat],n}.tqp];tt];mk];mn]:Aw]mL;tI:An]wL:Tqw](Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])nn].sUin];w}.sUic].huiw]nn].yw]."Tqc](Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])n}.pQn]KUic]:yip];tac];tuiw];An],lIsG].tI:tL,tqp];tt];mk];mn]:An]wL:'sgc],Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:An]niuc]:n}.etl}:np].Sgn],wL:mn];pQn]pUt],fUw];lI,AUw],An]ka},kGam];hLyuin]:pn]mL;lUv]:nm].mYat]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nn].eSmI;lgc]:tac];kuic],TUik]:lIht];sun].yU,huiw]'n}nn].yw]."nG];krqp].(Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])nn].Aw]mG]hUm],lUm]:tc];nm]Kw]An]lG]An]nn].Pqn]lp].kYam],SG],w}.yw]."epL;wL:An]lUw],sun].tI:SI<Kiw];rI,tI<(mG]hUm],lUm]:)El:tc];nm].mYat]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:n}.Aw]Pqn]lp].kYam],SG],w}.pL:nUiw]Tqw](Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])nn].n}suic]'EnwL:tm];Kn]tqm],w}.n}'kgp]:pUiw]:wL:ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];n}.sac]:muc]:yUic];Aan];l}:nm].mYat]:sgm];mQw];kuik];mI;lUv]:tI:ht];sun].nn].yw]."SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]Pqn]lp].kYam],SG],w}.Pa},tG]:Tqw](Aqt].S]Aqm]<EAl])nn].suic]'EnwL:tac],Kn]Suc]pUn].w}.'kgp]:pUiw]:wL:ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];n}.etl}:nm].mYat]:eA,pUiw]:mn];l}:lam];np].Sgn],wL:etmI;An]lUw],sun].nm]nn]."{

Security,(Contract), a share of stock, a bond, a note, or one of many different kinds of documents showing a share in a company or a debt owned by a company or a government, securities,      = mG]<hBm],lBm]:'SI<Kiw];rI,tI<'

Sell price, N. call price; redemption price,       = Kn]Ka}'[kL:Kn]mG]AL,mKam],An]nuic]:mUiw]:wn];nuic]:eKLeKLnn].{'

Series 11 License – Assistant Representative – Order Processing (AR),       = SI;rI;AIEl;wqn]; la}<Sqn]<'[SI;ri;11n}.pQn]la}<Sqn]<kqm]PU:tac]tUw]hqn];Kk].tgn]:hQt];kan]pn]An]pUin]:Sc],(eAJAL){'

Series 7 License,  is the general securities registered representative license administered by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) that entitles the holder to sell all types of securities products with the exception of commodities and futures.,     = SI;rI;ES;wQn];'(SI;rI;sQt];)[n}.pQn]la}<Sqn]<PU:tac]tUw]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<kU:sUiw];sUiw];An]Ku n]kQw],Pa},pUic]mI:hUc];kan]ciun];tgc];Kw]ekL.Aup].w}.nn].El:'pn]hG]:ekL.yip];w}.la}<Sqn]<n}.Ka}mG]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<kU:sUiw].kU:mQw];l}:lUv]:eKL:wQn].w}.wL:pqc],lUiw]eSKgc]kL.kU;kn]El:Piw];KYOiw];S]nn].n}'{

Series 82 License, for individuals seeking to become private securities offering representatives, = SI;rI;AQk]. tI;TU;la}<Sqn]<'[SI;ri;82n}.pQn]la}<Sqn]<tL,kUn];ekL.KG]:pQn]PU:tac]tUw]ka},kGam];hLyuin]:pn]kQw],mG]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<pUk].kliknn].{'

Series, Options: All option contracts of the same class that also have the same unit of trade, expiration date, and exercise price. Stocks: shares that have common characteristics, such as rights to ownership and voting, dividends, or par value. In the case of many foreign shares, one series may be owned only by citizens of the country in which the stock is registered., = SI; rI;'[pQn]tg};/KUiw];n}n}.(pQn]Agp];SYin];El:cuin];mUk];tgk].tc];SQc]:)"kQw],lUv]:mUiw]:mI;w}.ESYyL<mUic];ngk]:tc];nm]nn].'nuic]:SI;rI;(nuic]:tg};)n}.sac]:etpQn]Kgc]pUic],kUn];suic]:mUic];sUiw];yU,nG];mUic];An]tqm]:ma}tac],Puin]Stgk].w}.nn].pUic],kUv];'{

Small-cap,       = Arac];eA,'

Souring market conditions,     = cw];la};lgk];kat],Sw]:ww];mgc];'

Standard Deviaton, the square root of the variance. A measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean. (also known as historical volatility),            = sn].An]pUic]:Pa},mn];kGL,l}:'[Skg}<rut].nUiw]An]pQn]la}sUiw].la}mQw];w}.nn]."A n]sac]:ksak]:ksa}pUic]:kGL,tI:An]sum],et,tL,sum],nuic]:Aan];pQn]Aan];mI;nn]."!puin];lgc]:mI;Sa}piw]Kiun]:@n}ekL:wL:{

State-owned enterprises,         = sum];kan]kL.Ka}An]suic]:mUic];pUic],'

Statistics, N. a numerical fact or datum,         = SQn]:Sa}ma}'[tqm]:ma}nm],pat]:w}.sgm];pQn]An]pQn]An]{

Stock exchange,          = Stgk].AQk].KYQc];'[sum];sUiw];sgm];Tuc];k}.SU:hQt];nn].eSlqk]:kU;ciun];mUk];Stgk].{

Stock market,              = lgk];kat],kL.Ka}cibn];mBk];Stgk].' lgk];kat],Stgk].'

Stock, N. a certificate representing a share of ownership in a company,          = Stgk].' ciun];mUk];Stgk].'[Puin] Kqp];mk];ma}An]tac]w}.wL:pQn]sw]:Kgc]pun]:ESYyL<nG];Kgm]pnI,An]nuic]:nn].{'

Stocks & shares           = cbin];mBk];Stgk].El:ESYyL<'

Stop-limit order, a stop-limit order is an order placed with a broker that combines the features of stop order with those of a limit order. A stop-limit order will be executed at a specified price (or better) after a given stop price has been reached. Once the stop price is reached, the stop-limit order becomes a limit order to buy (or sell) at the limit price or better,          = eKL:sI.S c],mk];Kan];Sut];'[pQn]eKL;sI.Sc],w}.tI:pg};sL;ekL.nuic]:pQn]An]Aw]pgc];elL;kn]tc];SPL,weKL:sI.Sc],hG]:kuit];kUw]Sum];nn].w}."eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];Sut];n}.etAw]pgc]kan]mn];kGL,mqn]:mUiw]:mn];Tuic]Kn]An]tm];w}.eKLeKL(Am],nn]ekL:Kn]lIlUiw])An]wa};eSmn];Tuic]Kn]sI.Sc],sG].kuit];An]lat]:pn]w}.yw].nn]."epL;wL:mn];Tuic]Kn]sI.Sc],sG].kuit];nn].yw].n}ekL:'eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];Sut];nn].pQn]mL;eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];hG]:Suiw].(Am],nn]ekL:hG]:Ka})sgm];kL:Kn]An]mk];Kn];w}.nn].lG]Am],nn]Kn]lIlUiw]nn].lG]yU,yw]."mUin]nc],ekL.Puk],Pc]Alac];n}.SG],w}.eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];etSuiw].lUv]:tm];w}.Kn]sI.Sc]sG].kuit];45etL,lL,El:Kn]mk];Kan];46etL,lL,n}El:"epL;kL:Kn]mn];Kuin]:pUn].pL:nUiw]45(Kn]sG].kuit];)nn].epL;n}eKL:sI.Sc],nn].l}:Aw]SG],sG]tUc].nuic]hQt];sgm];pn]yw].eSKw]:kGL,nG];tgn]:eKL:sI.Sc],mk];Kan];Sut];nn].yw]."kL:sUw]:mn];sac]:PUim].Tqm]hQt];yw].tUw]:pn]sgm];eKL:sI.Sc],Pa},tG]:46(Kn]mk];Kan];w}.)nn].yU,n}.lgc]:kL.kU;An]n}.etmI;An]PUim].Tqm]hQt];yw].tUw]:sgm];kGL,yU,yw]."Sc]sUiw].wL:kL:Kn]ciun];mUk];Stgk].nn].Kuin]:Suc]eS46etL,lL,kGL,n}suic]'eKL:sI.Sc],An]n}.etAm],mI;An]PUim].Tqm]hQt];yw].tUw]:pn]sgm];Sc]yw]."{

Stop-loss order, stop-market order,            = eKL:sI.Sc],sG].kuit];kUw]Sum];'[pQn]eKL;sI.Sc],w}.tI:pg};sL;ek L.nuic]:hG]:mn];Ka}SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:mUiw]:kL:Kn]mn];Tuic]Kn]Kn]nuic]:nn].'mUin]nc],epL;Kn]mn];Tuic]50n}hG]:K}nn]."{

Strike price, N. given price,          = Kn]mqc],'[kL:Kn]pn]tL,Suiw].mG]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:nn].{'

Swing Trading, A style of trading that attempts to capture gains in a stock within one to four days. Swing traders use technical analysis to look for stocks with short-term price momentum. These traders aren't interested in the fundamental or intrinsic value of stocks, but rather in their price trends and patterns. Swing trading is mainly used by at-home and day traders.,= hiw].kL.kU;'[pQn]la};kL.Ka}Aac]:Aan];til}:nm].mYat]:tI:ciun];mUk];Stgk].nG];Kaw];tac];nuic]:wn];etL,SI,wn];nn]."la};hiw].kL.kU;n}.pUic]lUc]pQn]kUn];kL.sgm];wn];Kw]yip];tuiw];"{

Synthetic options, the r,            = Agp];SYin];elL;kn]w}.'[mI;tac];lUik]:la}Pa},la}An]{

Systematic Risk,         = sun].mqn]:sgm];lgk];la};mn];lI'

T

Tax subsidies,  = cuin];lUt];Kgn],'[mQw];An]mUin]nc],lUc]pgc]suic]:sg}:pn]tUw]ciun];nn].{'

Technical Analysis, Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity,           = Tt];Sac]sgm];la};mn];'[n}.pQn] la};Tt];Tgc]tUv];SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:lUv]:Tt];Sac]tUv];SQn]:Sa}ma}An]luk].tI:lgc]:tUc].nuic]hQt];Sac]:nG];kat],epL,pQn]mL;'mUin]nc],An]pQn]kL:Kn]El:tc];nm]mUiw]:wn];Agn]pUn].mL;nn]."An]Tt];Sac]sgm];la};mn];n}.Am],Aac]:Aan];ettqk]:tUv];kL:Kn]SI<Kiw];rI,tI<An]nuic]:tuin];mI;w}.nn].'PUiw],tL.ethQt];nn]mn];yip];sG].lgk];Kqp];KYt].El:KUic]:m}.KUic]:muiw];tac],sUiw];nn].eS'tqk],lqc];EnpUic]hQt];mQw];An]sac]:pn]van],pun]:tL,tUc].nuic]hQt];Sac]:kGL,wn];mUiw];nL:nn].yw]."{'

Terminal value, terminal value (TV) represents all future cash flows in an asset valuation model. This allows models to  reflect returns that will occur so far in the future that they are nearly impossible to forecast. The Gordon growth model, discounted cash flow and residual earnings all use terminal values that can be calculated with perpetuity growth, while an alternative exit valuation approach employs relative valuation methods,= kL:Kn]tqm],Sut];'(TIwI<)

Thin market, a market in which trading volume is low, and consequently bid and asked quotes are wide and the instrument traded is not very liquid. Very little stock to buy or sell,    = kat],ygm]'[lgk];kat],An]lgc]:kL.lgc]:kU;kn]eA," tL,Suiw].tL,Ka}n}.mI;Stgk].Ait];Agt];kUv];Am],epL;nm]"{'

Time Value of Money (TVM), the idea that money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. This core principle of finance holds that, provided money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received. Also referred to as "present discounted value", = Kaw];yam]; cuin];mI;Kn]'(TIwI<Aqm]<)[Kaw];yam];ciun];mI:Kn]n}n}.pQn]pa};wUn].An]wL:'ciun];tn];mI;w}.mUiw]:lQw]n}.kL:Kn]TUik]:yG],lUiw]eScuin];mI;tac];nm]mUin]kn]mUiw]:wn];mUiw];nL:nn].yw].kgp]:pUiw]:An]mn];mI;hqc];nm].kt].hQt];hLl}:mYat]:nn]."lgn].kqn]ma}mI:puin].Kam],Pa},cuin];tgc];An]n}.n}.mat]:w}.wL:'ciun];An]km].sg}:pn]w}.n}.sac]:hLl}:KI:cuin];tUw];mn];'ciun];n}.nm]tan],lG]kUv];ekL:yw].epL;sQw];l}:hp].ekL:mn];tUiw];mI;kL:Kn]TUik]:yG],'n}nn].yw]."{

Tip, N. gratuity, tips,        = cibn];Tip].'[cuin];Ait];Agn],pn]tI:ekL.Kuic]pgc]hQt];Sac]:kan]pn]nn].km];Suiw]:{

Transaction costs or fees, Transaction costs are expenses incurred when buying or selling securities. Transaction costs include brokers' commissions and spreads (the difference between the price the dealer paid for a security and the price the buyer pays). The transaction costs to buyers and sellers are the payments that banks and brokers receive for their roles in these transactions. There are also transaction costs in buying and selling real estate. These fees include the agent's commission and closing costs such as title search fees, appraisal fees and government fees, = kL:Kuic]pgc]kuit].hap],'[ciun];srip]:A n]epL,pQn]mI;mL;mUiw]:Suiw].Am],nn]ekL:Ka}mG]hUm],lUm]:Kw]nn]."kkk{'

Treasuery Bill – T-Bill, a short-term obligation backed by the U.S. government with a maturity of less than one year. T-bills are sold in denominations of $1,000 up to a maximum purchase of $5 million and commonly have maturities of one month (four weeks), three months (13 weeks) or six months (26 weeks). T-bills are issued throught a competitive bidding process at a discount from par, which mean that rather than paying interest payments like conventional bonds, the appreciation of the bond  provides the return to the holder. For example, let's say you buy a 13-week T-bill priced at $9,800. Essentially, the U.S. government (and its nearly bulletproof credit rating) writes you an IOU for $10,000 that it agrees to pay back in three months. You will not receive regular payments as you would with a coupon bond, for example. Instead, the appreciation - and, therefore, the value to you - comes from the difference between the discounted value you originally paid and the amount you receive back ($10,000). In this case, the T-bill pays a 2.04% interest rate ($200/$9,800 = 2.04%) over a three-month period.,          = mG] kQp];ciun];Km];KUw];Kgc]-TIpI;l]'[TI;pI;l]n}.pQn]An]lUc]pgc]suic]:mUic];yU<Aqt].S]ekL.km].w}.tc];lc]eSAw]pun]: Pgn];nI:nn].pn]tL,Kaw];pgt];An]Kaw];yam];huic]TUn]:mn];n}.pgt];eSpI<nuic]:nn]."{

U

Uncovered Call,          = Siuw].KQw]Am],hUm],tUm];'[Am],mk];Kan];An]sun].w}.El:l};sun].nm]sun].ht];{

Uncovered Put, also called “naked puts”,     = Ka}KQw]pUv]'[!nikit].put].@n}ekL:wL:'ekL.Ka}l};sun].ht];nL,epL;A m],pQn]mL;tac];yUic];kGL,nn].n}etSum];nm]epL;pQn]kGL,sgm];tac];yUic];kGL,nn].mqn]:mqn]:Et.etl}:mYat]:nm]{

Underlying Asset, a term used in derivatives trading, such as with options. The underlying asset is the financial instrument (e.g. stock, futures, commodity, currency, index) on which a derivative’s price is based,    = Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:An]mUk] ;lp].w}.'[n}.pQn]eKL:kGam];hgc].An]yip];sG].tI:kL.kU;Agp];SYin];nn]."Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:An]mUk];lp].w}.n}n}.pQn]KUic]:yip];tuiw];nc],ciun];tgc];(KG]:wL:pQn]cuin];mUk];Stgk].'fiw];KYOiw];S]'ciun];mUic];'Ain];tqk].S]'sUiw];n}.{'

Underlying Asset,       = Kgc]tL,tqn];nI:An]mUk];lp].w}.'

Underlying Cost, which will have to pay out throughout the budget period; e.g. such as rent/lease/mortgage/depreciation, utilities, etc.,   = srip]:An]mUk];lp].w}.'[An]etl}:pn]sgm];sUw]:yam];pI<pt].kYqt].nn].tI:tqk]:mn];mUin] nc],kL:Kat]:/kL:emL<kit]</An]kL:Kn]tUk];'hqc];yip];sG].tuiw];(fUn];/sak]:lat]:/f};fL.)'sUiw];n}.{'

Underlying profits,     = nm].mYat]:An]mUk];lp].w}.'

Underlying stock,       = cuin];mUk];Stgk].An]lp].w}.'

Undervaluation,          = Kn]tqm],'tm];Kn]tqm],'(lgc]:-/An]-)

Undervalue, undervalued, undervaluing,       = tm];Kn]tqm],'[w}.kL:Kn]mn];eA,eSAn]TUik]:tan],{

Underwriter, N.,           = ekL.tqm]:Kgt],mt].w}.'[kUn];ekL.nuic]:/Kgm]<pnI,An]nuic]:tqm]:epL,lSI<AL,mKam], Am],nn]hQt];kan]kL.Ka}eSYyL<Am],nn]lik]:pgn];sUiw];n}.nn].{

Unemployment, N.,      = Am],mI;kan]hQt];'(lgc]:-/An]-)

V

Volatility, N.,               = Sa}piw]Kiun]:'(tac];-/lgc]:-/An]-)'

W

Wage, N., wages,         = cibn];kL:hqc];'cibn];kL:hqc];hQt];sgm];wBc]:/wn];/sBw]:mgc];'kL:sac]:/hqc];'

X

Y

Yield curve,    = ygn],yan];kUc],mgc].'[pgc],wL:!Kn]KI:ciun];tUw];Kaw];pgt];n}.Suc]/nm]lUiw]Kn]Kaw];yaw];@{

Z