Criminal Law Procedures FAQ
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kw]KL:n}.TiUk];l}:An]!lam];w}.wL:Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]@n}kgn],'han].etL,epL;mI;Sak]:eS,km]. Tqm]pn]lgc]:wL:KL:mI;tam],tac];Pit];nn].yw].' An]wL:nc],n}n}.'mn];KG]:pgc],wL:Sc]?" What does it mean that I am "presumed innocent" until proven guilty?
An]lam];w}.wL:Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]n}n}.'pQn]cw]:cL,Am],pL;Am],l}:An]niuc]:'An]pL;nG];lgk]; pk];piUc]miUc];AEmrikn],'nn].El:'An]pQn]cw]:piun].Kam],mI;nG];lgk];la};Kk].tgn]:pk];piUc]rL,swUt]:'nn]. ekL:sG]:"lgc]:lam];w}.wL:nc],nn]n}.'mn];Ka}.Aw]pun]:Pgn];EnSak]:eS,nn].'hG]:mI;w}.niUw]Pa},An]Aw] Aey;sg};JtL;SG],nn].eS'lgc]:wL:mG];hQt];Pit];pUn].pqn]pk];piUc]wL,swUt]:n}nn].'hG]:Kw]EnSak]:eS, km].Tqm]pn]wL:sG]:lum];lum];nn].AiUw]:"tI:hQt];nc],n}n}.'mn];mI;An]tiUw];KGak]:yG],kGL,nm]nL,El:miUw]: Et,sL.mn];n}.etp},sac]:hn]l}:Sk];Sk];lU;kgn]," The presumption of innocence is a cornerstone of the American legal system and a foundational principle of criminal law procedures. This presumption shifts the burden of proof onto the prosecution to affirmatively prove that you committed the criminal act. This has several ramifications that may not be apparent at first glance.
tgn]:Agn]tac];Sut];n}.'mn];KG]:pgc],wL:'kQw],lgc]:An]Kun]miUc];sg};Amutac];Pit];rL,swUt]:SG],mG];w}.nn].'mG]; etAm],l}:Kam],Siup],sG].hQt];KiUw];KiUw];yG];yG];'hG]:mG];EnSak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]'lgc]:wL:mG];n}.Am],hU.Am],kQw], Kgc].sgm];Sc]n}nn].'yw]."epL;Am],mI;An]lam];w}.wL:Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]n}nn].siuc]'mn];et yap],tI:An]etham]:Eh.yL,hG]:Kun]miUc];hQt];mQw];An]sg};Amutac];Pit];rL,swUt]:SG],yw].eStQk];Siup], sG].mG];EnSak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]lgc]:wL:mG];Am]hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]n}nn]."epL;mI;An]lam];w}.wL: nc],nn]Et.siuc]'mn];mI;w}.lgc]:tiuk];yUc];SUn];Kun]miUc];An]lQw]'An]wL:Kun]miUc];etl}:sg};AmuSG],kUn]; siUw];An]Kun]miUc];yum],wL:Kw]hQt];tac];Pit];rL,swUt]:nn].kUv];'n}nn].yw]." First, it means that you won't be constantly harassed by the state filing criminal charges against you that required you to prove your innocence. Without the presumption of innocence, there would be little to prevent the state from charging you with crimes and forcing you to constantly prove your innocence. With the presumption in place, the state has an incentive to only bring charges against those it actually believes committed a crime.
tgn]:TiSgc]n}.sm].'mn];KG]:pgc],wL:'mG];tk];Am],lUw],lat]:kGam];Sc]eSeKL:'Am],nn]ekL:'Am],lUw],En Sak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]pun]:tL,kqt],EKEh.kac]:tUw]mG];nn].Sc]eSmQw];'n}yw]."mG];sac]:yU,tQt],yQn]SI, SI,kGL,han].etL,lgc]:sqt]:Tt];tt];Sin]epL;yw].nn].eS'Am],lat]:kqt],EKEh.kac]:tL,tUw]mG];Sc] eSAit];'kL:sUw]:Pa},Aw]Aey;sg};JtL;SG],n}.Am],sac]:EnSak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]lgc]:wL:mG];hQt];Pit]; rL,swUt]:n}nn].'mG];etl}:hp].An]tqp];tt];wL:mG];n}.Am],mI;tam],tac];Pit];Sc]'n}nn].yw]." Second, it means you don't have to say a single thing, or prove a single thing in your defense. You could be silent the entire trial and put on no defense whatsoever, and unless the prosecution can prove that you committed the crime, you should be judged not guilty.
nG];la};sqt]:Tt];tt];Sin]tac];Pit];rL,swUt]:n}.'sn].An]pn]tam],niUw]tam],tac];Pit];nn].mI;w}. siUc].hiuw]? What is the standard for guilt in a criminal trial?
km]:pL:nm]n}.'kUn];hQt];pUn].pqn]tac];Pit];rL,swUt]:Kw]n}.tk];lUw],l}:mI;An]eSSak]:eS,km].Tqm] pn]lgc]:wL:'!sG]:Sk];Sk];Am],mI;lgc]:lITac],TiUm]cm];cw];Sc]eSAit];'@nn].yw].kgn],sc],l}:vL; tam],tUk];Tgc],"An]mI;lgc]:lam];w}.wL:Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]kuik];kn]w}.nn].n}.'mn];pQn]An]hQt]; hG]:Pa},Aw]ey;sg};JtL;Kw]EnSak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]Sk];Sk];tqt]:tqt]:etL;etL;'nn].AiUw]:"lgk];la}; Kk].tgn]:pk];piUc]rL,swUt]:siUc].nc],siUw];n}.n}.'pQn]An]sc],sG]Pan],SGac];hQt];w}.'ygn].kgp]:piUw]:wL:lgk]; la};pk];piUc]miUc];AEmrikn],n}.Et,tac]:w}.niUw]pa};wUn].An]wL:'An]pg},hG]:ekL.mI;tam],tac];Pit];lgt]:lqw]; n}.lIliUw]eSAn]pn]tam],niUw]kUn];ekL.Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]nn].AiUw]:'n}nn].yw]." Most criminal offenses must be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt". Coupled with the presumption of innocence, this is a very high standard for the prosecution to prove. These criminal law procedures were created intentionally, because the American legal system is founded on the idea that it is better to let a guilty man go free than convict an innocent man.tI:nG];AmuSI;wI;l]siUw];nn].sm].'sn].tL,EnSak]:eS,km].Tqm]pn]nn].tqm],'miUn]nc],An]'!hqc];eAL; sL,yG],Sak]:eS,'@nn].etsac]:ep.niUw]sn].An]wL:'!lqp]:etsG]:liUw]eSwL:mn];Am],sG]:'@nn].kGL,ca}: ca}:yU,yw]."kUv];kL:pQn]hiuw]ekL:'An]wL:sG]:Sk];Sk];Am],mI;lgc]:lITac],TiUm]cm];cw];Sc]eSAit];'n} nn].Et.'KG]:pgc],wL:'Kun]Tt];Sin]El:Kun]sg}:Tt];kYO;rI;'Kw]n}.'Tuk],lIEk:K}kL:An]sac]:Tac],TiUm]cm]; cw];kQw],lgc]:tam],tac];Pit];ekL.l}:Kam],tiUc],Kw]nn].pqt]:pn]tc];mUt];'eSEl:Aik],'Kgt],ygt],mn];wL:' mn];Am],mI;tac]liUk]:Sc]Tqc]:liUw]eSAn]Kgt],ygt],lUp];lc]wL:ekL.l}:Kam],tiUc],n}.hQt];Pit];tac]; Pit];rL,swUt]:Et.yw].n}nn].'wL:nc],n}yw].'"sgm];nc],An]kUn];siUw];l}:Kam],tiUc],Kw]km]:pL:nm]n}.'k}. El,kYam],Et,tc]:tI,AUw],rI,pa};wUn].hG]:lIyum],'nn].kqm]sgm];tI,AUw],rI,pa};wUn].Aw]Aey;sg};JtL;nn]. eSEl:'Aan];etekL,Kiiun]:lgc]:lITac],TiUm]cm];cw];eSKt];Aman],JtL;'mI;w}.nG];An]Aw]ey;tc];nm] siUw];nn].' nn].yw]." In civil cases, there are much lower standards of proof such as the "preponderance of evidence", which may be oversimplified as a "more likely than not" standard. Beyond a reasonable doubt, however, means that the judge and jury are supposed to resolve all possible doubts about the defendant's guilt, and conclude that there is no other reasonable conclusion but that the defendant must have committed the crime. Accordingly, most defendants try to establish plausible alternative theories about the prosecution's theory of guilt in order to raise reasonable doubts about the truth of the charges.
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It is better to let a guilty man go free than convict an innocent man. = An]pg},hG]:ekL.mI;tam], tac];Pit];lgt]:lqw];n}.lIliUw]eSAn]pn]tam],niUw]kUn];ekL.Am],hU.Am],kQw],Kgc].sgm];Sc]nn].AiUw]:"
Raise reasonable doubts about the truth, = ekL,Kiun]:lgc]:lITac],TiUm]cm];cw];eSKt];Aman],JtL;'