Suik];El:cm];yQn]'(War and
Peace)
pa};wUn].np].Sgn],A}a:sin],hw]wL,'pI1957'
sgm]suic]:tg}.tI,A}a:sin],hw]wL,n}.'
piun]Paw],pa};wUn].np].Sgn],Aa}:sin],hw]wL,' w}.mUiw]:nG];lUin]kYn] nGL,rI,1957nn].eSEl:'
kgn],krqt].mUic];AEm,rikhp].mk];mn]:nG];lUin]mat].KY]pIlQw]kn]nn].pn] w}.yw]."
sgm];nc],pa};wUn].np].Sgn],Aa}:sin],hw]wL,' nn].wL:'
suic]:miUc];miUc];niuc]:n}.' sac]:yuin]: ygn];hG]:AEm,rikn]km].sg}:pn]pa};mak]:mI;'
El:/Am],nn]' lgc]:sg}:lgc]:Tqm]'tI:tp].Suik];mUic];yU, Aqt].S]nn].l}:yU,'
Sc]wL:mUic];mn];l}:Kam],tac];lgk],cLhLhQt];eP;SG],' An]mUic];tac],mUic];yip];
kgc]:kac],eStQk];mL;tuik];Kw]nn].'wL:n}yw]." Aa}:sin],hw]wL,'
sI.SG],mUic];SUw]pIyqt].(Soviet)wL: pQn]mUic];lgk],cLhLhQt];eP;SG],'
n}w}.nG];pa};wUn].np].Sgn],mn];nn].eSyw].' Aap]:mqc],eAL;sL, AL,nL,hG]:hqc];Suik];miUc];yU,Aqt].S]Kw]tc]:sG]tc]:eKL;'!pn]tac];hUm],lUm]:eSEh.kc]:'
tL,hG]:Pqn], lin]siuc]:mUic];mn]:nim]lInn].El:Sc]' hG]:siuc]:miUc];El:sUiw].KUiw];tc];la}Kw]l}:mI;lgc]:lgt]:lqw];Pa},
pa};miUc];nn].El:Sc]' sUiw];n}.'mUiw]:wL:mI;mL:An]yuin]:ygn];tac];sg}:tac];Tqm]'
pun]:tL,etSan] Kt];tiuk];Kiuin];mUic];An]Kgm],miw],nit].mUic];lum]:fL.kun];kgn];w}.eSmUic];mUic];n}.'
yip];kgc]:kac],eStQk]; mL;tiuk];Kw]nn].' wL:n}yw]."@
Suik];(pac]Suik];)n}.'
pQn]Sak]:eS,Enpn]pUic]tac];yam]:hQt];'An]pQn]PU:yG],kUn];lUc]la}Pa},la}tac];
Kw]El:Aik],An]kUn];sa};la}Tan]:l}apan]Kw]hQt];nn].yw]."
pQn]An]l}:hn]nG];KUiw];mUt].tc];la} Kw]hQt];nn].nc],kaw],"
cw]:cL,lgc]:kYac].tac];km]' pUic]tac];yam]:hQt];An]n}.n}.' pQn]cw];la};pUic]
pQn]eSAn]An]'
mQw];An]pgc];kn]pQn]lgc]:Kgc].Km]tUik]:tn]kYam];'hLEt,Kw]:sU;nG];Ek:kac]'mU,sum];
Puc]kUn];Sgc]sum];'Am],nn]ekL:' An]SPL,wmn];Pat],EPkn]mI;w}.la}mU,la}sum];'sUiw];nn].yw]."
lgc]:Kgc].Km]tUik]:tn]mQw];nn].n}.' mn];pQn]An]kYam],Aac]:pn]put]:kn]tI:' Pa},Sa},kUw],pa};sG]sn].
sw]:sn].Kun]Aup].pUic],nn].lG]'Am],nn]ekL:' Pa},KUw];lQc];KUic]:pUic]sn].sw]:sn].Kun]Aup].pUic],nn].
lG]' pQn]sL.sUiw];An]kQw],lgc]:kum];kgn];Tic];w}.' Am],nn]' lgc]:PQc],pQc];mUin]kn]'tI:nG];Ek:kac]Sgc]
sum];' Am],nn]'la}la}sum];Kw]tc];nm]nn].yw]."nG];kL:tc];SQc]:tc];lUc]n}.' tI:eA,Sut];mn];
kUn];Kw]:pL;sgm];' Am],nn]sum];An]kQw],
sgm];lgc]:Kgc].Km]tUik]:tn]nn].sum];niuc]:n}.' w}.Sti hn]mqn]:lgc]:wL:Kw]lUw],kum];kgn];Tic];'
Pa},Sa},kUw],pa};sG]' Am],nn]Pa},KUw];Kgc]'tac],ekL.tac],sum]; nn].w}.' n}yw]."
lgc]:w}.Stihn]mqn]:wL:lUw],kum];kgn];Tic];w}.n}n}.'mn];luk].tI:tac];yum],An] wL:'
pUic]lUc]mn];pQn]pa};wUn].np].Sgn],'Am],nn]cUin]:tiun];lac];An]nuic]:n}.' hQt];hiuw]ekL:mn];pQn]
An]Am],Tuk],'Am],nn]ekL:An]lIkUw]nL,' nn].eSetsac]:mL;lgk],cLhLhQt];eP;SG],' cw]:cL,tL,
An]hG]:muk].sum];sum];niuc]:mI;w}.suk];w}.l}:nn].El:' sc],wL:lUw]l}:kun];kgn];Tic];tac],sum];nn].w}.
n}yw]."
cm];yQn]'
(Pac]hac]:mat]:ma}'symbol:☮)n}.'
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mn];pQn]An]Am],mI;pac]Suik];'Am],nn]' Am],mI;lgc]:Kgc].Km]tUik]:tn]
Sc]nn].yw]." An]Kiun];puit],Enpn]SPL,wcm];yQn]nn].sm].'mn];kgc].ka},tit];sp];kn]w}.tc];
An]wL:'lIK}:sG]pn]pun]:tL,ygn].An]l}:hQt];hG]:mn];Am],mI;sgm];' Am],nn]ekL:' Sum];kGL,nn].'pL;
nc],kaw],wL:n}yw]." nG];kL:hqc];nm].kt].An]
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An]Sun],pa};mak]:mI;Am],PQc],pQc];mUin]kn]' An]mI;wL,tlm], sG]sUc]Aw]pL;tUn]:pL;hak]:Pa},kan]pa};mUic];El:SL,SnL,'El:Aik],An]mI;w}.wL,tsaw];KUiw];'Am],nn]'wL,tsUiw].KUiw];pUn].tI:pUn].lqn]nL,AL;lL;nn]."
cm];yQn]n}n}.mI;tI:pgc],wL:' !hG]:lgt]:lqw];tI: An]yL.tw]kw];yuc]:siuc]:kUn];'@n}nn].eSel:'mI;tI:pgc],Tqc]:tc];nm]lUc]wL:'
An]Kiun]:yG],mak]: mI;' An]mI;man]mI;Sun],' An]mI;lgc]:pQn]t};ekL.AUv];lIkn]nn].'
n}yw]."
The
Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
announced the Eisenhower Doctrine in January 1957, and Congress approved it in
March of the same year. Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request
American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was
being threatened by armed aggression from another state. Eisenhower singled out
the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces
"to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political
independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed
aggression from any nation controlled by international communism."
War is a behavior pattern exhibited by many primate species including man,
and also found in many ant species. The primary feature of this behavior
pattern is a certain state of organized violent conflict that is engaged in
between two or more separate social entities. Such a conflict is always an
attempt at altering either the psychological hierarchy or the material
hierarchy of domination or equality between two or more groups. In all cases,
at least one participant or group in the conflict perceives the need to either
psychologically or materially dominate the other participant. The perceived
need for domination often arises from the belief that an essential ideology or
resource is somehow either so incompatible or so scarce as to threaten the
fundamental existence of the one group experiencing the need to dominate the
other group.
Peace (symbol:
☮) is a quality describing a society or a relationship that
is operating harmoniously. This is commonly understood as the absence of
hostility, or the existence of healthy or newly-healed interpersonal or
international relationships, safety in matters of social or economic welfare,
the acknowledgment of equality and fairness in political relationships and, in
world matters, peacetime; a state of being absent of any war or conflict.
Reflection on the nature of peace is also bound up with considerations of the
causes for its absence or loss. Among these potential causes are: insecurity,
social injustice, economic inequality, political and religious radicalism, and acute
racism and nationalism. From the Anglo-Norman pas , and meaning "freedom
from civil disorder" and it has multiple meanings: prosperity, fortune,
friendliness
